Question

In: Statistics and Probability

Use the 5 step hypothesis testing procedure to determine if Saeko's hypothesis that the colors sell...

Use the 5 step hypothesis testing procedure to determine if Saeko's hypothesis that the colors sell in equal amounts is true.

What is the null hypothesis?

What is the alternative hypothesis?

What is the level of significance?

What is the Chi Square critical Value?

Customer   Color Name   Color Type   Yards    Meters
1   Coriander   White   1,067.00    975.66
2   Black   Black   917.00    838.50
3   Daffodil   Yellow   762.00    696.77
4   Black   Black   735.00    672.08
5   Opal   Blue   551.00    503.83
6   Toffee   Brown   709.00    648.31
7   Ruby   Red   792.00    724.20
8   Ash   Blue   830.00    758.95
9   Black   Black   670.00    612.65
10   Ash   Blue   292.00    267.00
11   Black   Black   744.00    680.31
12   Whirlpool   Blue   943.00    862.28
13   Verde   Green   947.00    865.94
14   Regal   Purple   945.00    864.11
15   Lynx   Brown   774.00    707.75
16   Yellow Rose   Yellow   801.00    732.43
17   Chocolate   Brown   750.00    685.80
18   Mist   White   629.00    575.16
19   Whirlpool   Blue   113.00    103.33
20   Alfalfa   Green   344.00    314.55
21   Ruby   Red   162.00    148.13
22   Verde   Green   964.00    881.48
23   Sky   White   517.00    472.74
24   Black   Black   1,223.00    1,118.31
25   Whirlpool   Blue   200.00    182.88
26   Black   Black   879.00    803.76
27   Mist   White   999.00    913.49
28   Alfalfa   Green   598.00    546.81
29   Jade   Green   662.00    605.33
30   Yellow Rose   Yellow   368.00    336.50
31   Cream   White   529.00    483.72
32   Black   Black   1,100.00    1,005.84
33   Ruby   Red   870.00    795.53
34   Mist   White   342.00    312.72
35   Yellow Rose   Yellow   747.00    683.06
36   Black   Black   1,160.00    1,060.70
37   Sky   White   628.00    574.24
38   Periwinkle   Purple   185.00    169.16
39   Coriander   White   978.00    894.28
40   Black   Black   607.00    555.04
41   Yellow Rose   Yellow   387.00    353.87
42   Black   Black   255.00    233.17
43   Periwinkle   Purple   742.00    678.48
44   Black   Black   414.00    378.56
45   Blush   Red   345.00    315.47
46   Black   Black   892.00    815.64
47   Mist   White   727.00    664.77
48   Coriander   White   584.00    534.01
49   Cream   White   321.00    293.52
50   Verde   Green   478.00    437.08
51   Black   Black   931.00    851.31
52   Daffodil   Yellow   539.00    492.86
53   Chocolate   Brown   767.00    701.34
54   Daffodil   Yellow   369.00    337.41
55   Regal   Purple   378.00    345.64
56   Daffodil   Yellow   376.00    343.81
57   Coriander   White   957.00    875.08
58   Black   Black   929.00    849.48
59   Black   Black   959.00    876.91
60   Lynx   Brown   994.00    908.91
61   Periwinkle   Purple   714.00    652.88
62   Daffodil   Yellow   912.00    833.93
63   Coriander   White   776.00    709.57
64   Verde   Green   895.00    818.39
65   Lynx   Brown   706.00    645.57
66   Alfalfa   Green   105.00    96.01
67   Cream   White   165.00    150.88
68   Daffodil   Yellow   505.00    461.77
69   Periwinkle   Purple   661.00    604.42
70   Cream   White   226.00    206.65
71   Black   Black   472.00    431.60
72   Opal   Blue   184.00    168.25
73   Cream   White   191.00    174.65
74   Cream   White   238.00    217.63
75   Coriander   White   894.00    817.47
76   Mist   White   488.00    446.23
77   Verde   Green   400.00    365.76
78   Black   Black   1,618.00    1,479.50
79   Blush   Red   374.00    341.99
80   Opal   Blue   359.00    328.27
81   Daffodil   Yellow   553.00    505.66
82   Mist   White   439.00    401.42
83   Alfalfa   Green   448.00    409.65
84   Jade   Green   290.00    265.18
85   Ruby   Red   907.00    829.36
86   Verde   Green   402.00    367.59
87   Cream   White   123.00    112.47
88   Black   Black   981.00    897.03
89   Chocolate   Brown   247.00    225.86
90   Regal   Purple   805.00    736.09
91   Sky   White   358.00    327.36
92   Regal   Purple   461.00    421.54
93   Yellow Rose   Yellow   540.00    493.78
94   Lynx   Brown   964.00    881.48
95   Regal   Purple   317.00    289.86
96   Ash   Blue   190.00    173.74
97   Periwinkle   Purple   423.00    386.79
98   Black   Black   1,761.00    1,610.26
99   Black   Black   912.00    833.93
100   Blush   Red   258.00    235.92
101   Regal   Purple   968.00    885.14
102   Sapphire   Blue   517.00    472.74
103   Whirlpool   Blue   362.00    331.01
104   Yellow Rose   Yellow   125.00    114.30
105   Whirlpool   Blue   504.00    460.86
106   Sapphire   Blue   427.00    390.45
107   Chocolate   Brown   557.00    509.32
108   Toffee   Brown   498.00    455.37
109   Sapphire   Blue   216.00    197.51
110   Whirlpool   Blue   174.00    159.11
111   Black   Black   470.00    429.77
112   Regal   Purple   644.00    588.87
113   Opal   Blue   436.00    398.68
114   Blush   Red   768.00    702.26
115   Coriander   White   1,456.00    1,331.37
116   Whirlpool   Blue   385.00    352.04
117   Ash   Blue   869.00    794.61
118   Blush   Red   416.00    380.39
119   Black   Black   634.00    579.73
120   Ruby   Red   302.00    276.15
121   Mist   White   892.00    815.64
122   Chocolate   Brown   240.00    219.46
123   Opal   Blue   523.00    478.23
124   Toffee   Brown   710.00    649.22
125   Yellow Rose   Yellow   245.00    224.03
126   Sky   White   736.00    673.00
127   White   White   2,389.00    2,184.50
128   Black   Black   499.00    456.29
129   Chocolate   Brown   111.00    101.50
130   Ash   Blue   52.00    47.55

Solutions

Expert Solution

What is the null hypothesis?

The null hypothesis, H0: The colours sell in equal amounts is true.

What is the alternative hypothesis?

The alternative hypothesis, Ha: The colours sell in equal amounts is not true.

What is the level of significance?

The level of significance is 5% or 0.05.

What is the Chi-Square critical Value?

The Chi-Square critical Value for the degree of freedom = n-1 = 130-1 = 129 and significance level 0.05 is 156.50752160.

The Chi-square test statistics output is calculated with the help of Excel:

Go to Megastat>Chi-square/crosstab.

Select the Contingency table option.

Select the Input data and click OK.

The required output is:

(I wasn't able to upload the complete output due to characters limit. So, please run the analysis if you feel the need).

Col 1   Col 2   Col 3   Col 4   Col 5   Col 6   Col 7   Col 8   Col 9   Col 10   Col 11   Col 12   Col 13   Col 14   Col 15  
Row 1 Observed   1067 917 762 735 551 709 792 830 670 292 744 943 947 945 774
Expected   1067.00 917.00 762.00 735.00 551.00 709.00 792.00 830.00 670.00 292.00 744.00 943.00 947.00 945.00 774.00
O - E   0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(O - E)² / E   0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Row 2 Observed   976 839 697 672 504 648 724 759 613 267 680 862 866 864 708
Expected   975.66 838.50 696.77 672.08 503.83 648.31 724.20 758.95 612.65 267.00 680.31 862.28 865.94 864.11 707.75
O - E   0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(O - E)² / E   0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Observed   2043 1756 1459 1407 1055 1357 1516 1589 1283 559 1424 1805 1813 1809 1482
Expected   2042.66 1755.50 1458.77 1407.08 1054.83 1357.31 1516.20 1588.95 1282.65 559.00 1424.31 1805.28 1812.94 1809.11 1481.75
O - E   0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
(O - E)² / E   0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
.00 chi-square
129 df
1.0000 p-value

Decision:

Since Chi-square test statistic is less than the critical value, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Conclusion:

There is sufficient evidence to accept the null hypothesis and to conclude that the colours sell in equal amounts is true.


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