John is a longtime patient in the practice where you work. Normally, he comes in once...

John is a longtime patient in the practice where you work. Normally, he comes in once a year for a routine physical, but lately (the last six months) he has been in three times, complaining of extreme fatigue and weight loss (he has lost 15 pounds over the last seven months). The attending physician ordered a standard ELISA-type human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test, which came back negative. This was in January. He was supposed to come back in May for a repeat test, but he was back one month later with a severe case of genital herpes lesions that had not healed after three weeks. The herpes eventually subsided, and he returned in May for a repeat HIV test. At this time, he told the doctor that he was recovering from a severe respiratory infection that he had been fighting for weeks. After more blood-work, the physician noted that his ELISA HIV results were negative again. His CD4 count was 200 cells/mm3. Two months later John was admitted to the hospital and a lung biopsy showed that he had Pneumocystis carinii; another HIV test was negative. He was released three weeks later, but after two months he was admitted again with the same infection. Another HIV test revealed negative results. Three days later he died.

1. What is an ELISA test, and what does the one for HIV actually detect? 2. John did indeed have an HIV infection, but continued to test negative. What are the possible explanations for the consistently negative results? (hint: it is not seroconversion) 3. Are there any alternative tests available for clinicians to test patients that they suspect are HIV-positive yet who test negative with normal HIV tests? Describe at least two different alternative tests. 4. Would you expect patients with a lack of serum reactivity (few to no antibodies) to have a fast or slow progression from HIV infection to full blown acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Defend your answer. 5. Which of John's reported symptoms are consistent with a diagnosis of HIV?

Solutions

Expert Solution

1)What is ELISA test?

ELISA stand for enzyme linked immunoassay.It comment used to detect antibodies in the blood (An antibody is a protein produced by bodies immune system when it detect harmfull substance called antigens.

It is performed in lab with blood sample ,here the targeted antibody or antigen linked to a specific enzyme if the target substance in the sample the test solution turns to different colour.

2) Negative result may occure due to if the patient has yet not developed antibodies .In early stages patient will develop antibodies this period is called window period.

mistakeby laboratory.

Time and temperature will also affect the result.

Due to insufficient sample.

3)HIV test other than ELISA

a)Rapid HIV test

b)western blot test(used for confirmation for the elisa or rapid HIV rest)

c) indirect flurescent antibody(Used to conform result of an ELISA .

4)Lack of serum reactivity will also cause to progression and aids.Here in initial period some there is no antibodies in blood during test this called window period.But later it will progress.

5)If the person infected with HIV will get fatigue,weight loss,pnumocystis carinii,genital herbs these are the signs and symptoms of HIV,but mostly first the person who is infected with HIV will get fatigue and weight loss.

Nightingale answered 1 year ago

Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

13. A patient comes to the hospital imaging lab where you work. The patient suffers from...

13. A patient comes to the hospital imaging lab where you work. The patient suffers from a rare genetic condition in which the contractile cells of her heart have limited conductivity. You are asked to perform an ultrasound or echocardiogram of the patient’s heart. As you view the video monitor, what would you expect to observe about the patient’s heart function as you view and analyze the contracting?

Bill S. is a longtime patient in your practice and has been in and out of...

Bill S. is a longtime patient in your practice and has been in and out of rehabilitative treatment centers for the past 10 years for alcoholism. He tells you that he has been “on the wagon” for the past 3 months, and he is taking Antabuse. He also tells you that he is smoking more to deal with the stress of giving up alcohol. When you perform the intraoral and extraoral examinations, you notice that his parotid glands seem enlarged...

A Parkinson's patient comes to the office where you are working as a patient educator. His...

A Parkinson's patient comes to the office where you are working as a patient educator. His wife believes that the problem is in his muscles. Explain to the patient and his wife what is really affected and why he has these symptoms.

You are a car sales person. A first time car buyer comes into where you work...

You are a car sales person. A first time car buyer comes into where you work and tells you upfront that they are looking for a basic model car. Since you are paid on commission, the more the price of the car you sell means the more you will get. What would you do?

John imagines himself on the beach playing some volleyball once Memorial Day comes around. After a...

John imagines himself on the beach playing some volleyball once Memorial Day comes around. After a victorious game, John always dreams of a cold cup of water but as his future holds he only has 40.0 g of water at room temperature (25°C). a. How much heat will be released if all the water, 40 g at 25°C, is converted to ice at 0°C. b. If John still has his original cup of 40.0 g of water at room temperature...

you work in a low income medical clinic and a 34 year old male patient comes...

you work in a low income medical clinic and a 34 year old male patient comes in with complaints of respiratory symptoms accompanied by a slight fever, night swears and weight loss. This patient is a recent immigrant to the US and lives in a small apartment with a large family. A. What microbe do you suspect, Why? B. How would you treat the patient? C. Define and describe the signs and symptoms of this disease

Mr. C comes to the neighborhood wellness clinic where you are doing a clinical rotation. He...

Mr. C comes to the neighborhood wellness clinic where you are doing a clinical rotation. He shows you some pills and tells you his physician told him to take them for an allergy but that he does not like how they make him feel. He explains, “I always have a runny nose, and the doctor told me I’m allergic to my dog. I won’t get rid of my dog; I just love him too much. The doctor gave me these...

Describe your experience with espoused and theories-in-practice based on an organization where you work or that...

Describe your experience with espoused and theories-in-practice based on an organization where you work or that you know. Explain how scientific literature may establish connections to theories-in-practice.

A patient has just fallen in the hospital unit where you work and fractured their skull....

A patient has just fallen in the hospital unit where you work and fractured their skull. A team of personnel are asked to collaborate and develop a fall prevention program that includes using the Morse Fall Scale. In your initial discussion post Identify the members included on the team and why they are important to include Identify the components used in the Morse Fall Risk Scale Identify key points to consider when developing a fall prevention plan (Use the literature...

A patient has just fallen in the hospital unit where you work and fractured their skull....

A patient has just fallen in the hospital unit where you work and fractured their skull. A team of personnel are asked to collaborate and develop a fall prevention program that includes using the Morse Fall Scale. In your initial discussion post • Identify the members included on the team and why they are important to include • Identify the components used in the Morse Fall Risk Scale • Identify key points to consider when developing a fall prevention plan...

Subjects