Question

Explain in detail, in your own words, what the following statements mean (suppose variables are declared and initialized: x declared as double, ch declared as char, s declared as string). Q3.1 ifstream input("numbers.txt");

Q3.2 ++num;

Q3.3 static_cast(x);

Q3.4 bool b2 = 0;

Q3.5 srand(time(0));

Q3.6 floor(x);

Q3.7 isupper(ch));

Q3.8 cout << s[0] << endl;

Q3.9 cout << setw(9) << x;

Q3.10 cout << setprecision(3) << x << "\n ";

Answer 1

Q3.1 ifstream input("numbers.txt");
Opens the file for reading data from numbers.txt
Q3.2 ++num;
increases the number by 1 (pre increment)
Q3.3 static_cast(x);
Converts the x from double to required type
like we need to pass the type here static_cast<int>(x) so not double x will converted to int
Q3.4 bool b2 = 0;
creating and initilizing the bool variable b2 with false (0 means false)
Q3.5 srand(time(0));
   srand sets the starting point for generating random numbers
   so here we are intializing with time(0)
Q3.6 floor(x);
rounds the x down to the nearest integer
Q3.7 isupper(ch));
   checks if ch is uppercase letter or not
Q3.8 cout << s[0] << endl;
   prints the 1st character in the string s
Q3.9 cout << setw(9) << x;
   sets width as 9
Q3.10 cout << setprecision(3) << x << "\n ";
sets precision as 3 so it will print 3 decimal values

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