Question

1. What specifically would happen to an individual human that lost their CD4+ T cell population? Provide a real-world example of this.

2. Why do infectious pathogens that evade the first and second lines of defense often cause illnesses that last for days?

3. What is the effect of cholera toxin? When in the infectious cycle does Vibrio cholerae secrete cholera toxin, and how does it know when to secrete it?

Answer 1

1) Due to this absenece , the T-cells will not be able to help other cells like production of cytokines, Bcell induction for anibody formation and thus, memory also.

Their lack will result in lower or no humoral immune response. Hiv is the example where HIV AIDS , disease is developed because of attacling of t helper cells (cd4+) for destruction.

2) Those pathogens which evade the 2 defenses , fight with humoral immunity. By B-cells and T-cells and the antibodies. Some time is required by the body to produce good amount of antibody for neutralizing these pathogens and thus, they are eliminated in few days.

3) It binds to epithelial of gut and cause diarrhoea. It also activated IgG antibodies.

Bacteria secreate cholera toxins after 2-45 days of incubation in the digestive system of the body.

It secr ates cholera toxin after adherence and colonization of intestine. This is done by use of biofilm.