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In: Biology

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REACTIONS REPRESENTS A STRONG ACID? A. HCl ---> H+ +Cl- B. NH3...

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REACTIONS REPRESENTS A STRONG ACID?

A. HCl ---> H+ +Cl-

B. NH3 + H+ <-----> NH4+

C. H2CO3 <----> HCO3- + H+

D. NaOH ---> Na+ +OH-

A solution has a pH of 1.0 x 10^(-2)M. What best describes the solution?

BASIC

ACIDIC

SALTY

NEUTRAL

Expert Solution

(1) (A) is the correct answer.

Acid is a substance that releases H+ ions in water and base is a substance that takes up hydrogen ions present in a solution.

A strong acid is one which dissociates completely in water. Dissociation refers to breaking down to produce H+ ions.

Also, a strong acid produces a weak conjugate base(the ion produced after acid dissociation along with H+ ion). A weak base is one which do not accept proton from H3O+; i.e, the reverse reaction does not occur.

Strong acids release all H+ ions in them, whereas weak acids do not release all the H+ions.

In option (A), HCl dissociates completely releasing H+ and Cl- ions. All HCl molecules dissociate completely in solution.

Cl- is the conjugate base that do not accept H+ readily. So, HCl is a strong acid.

In (B), NH3 accepts an H+ and forms NH4+ ion.

Since NH3(ammonia) accept H+ ions, it is a base.

In(C), H2CO3 do not dissociate completely; it releases only one H+ ion and HCO3- ion.

A weak acid produces a strong conjugate base; meaning that the base has high affinity for H+ and reverse reaction takes place.

HCO3- easily accepts proton; therefore it is a strong conjugate base making H2CO3 a weak acid.

In (D), NaOH dissociates completely into Na+ and OH- in aqueous solution. OH- is the conjugate acid formed here; it has reduced tendency to donate protons and therefore is a weak conjugate acid making NaOH a strong base.

(2)(B) is the correct answer.

Given that the H+ ion concentration[H+] of the solution is 1.0×10^(-2)M.

The value of pH for a solution helps to determine whether a given solution is acidic, basic, or neutral.

Salts can also be acidic, basic or neutral. The pH of salt solutions is also determined in the same manner.

A pH scale ranges from 1 to 14.

A solution with pH of 7 is neutral;value less than 7 is acidic and a value above 7 shows that the solution is basic.

The pH of a solution with known concentration of H+ ions is calculated as follows:

pH = -log[H+]

pH = -log[1.0× 10^(-2)]

pH = -log[10^(-2)]

pH = -(-2)

pH = 2

So, the pH of the given solution is 2; indicating that the solution is acidic.

We cannot determine whether a solution is salty from its pH value.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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