Question

A 1.0 toaster and a 2.0 lamp are connected in parallel with the 110-V supply of your house. (Ignore the fact that the
voltage is AC rather than DC.)
(a) Draw a schematic of the circuit.
(b) For each of the three components in the circuit, find the current
passing through it and the voltage drop across it.
(c) Suppose they were instead hooked up in series. Draw a schematic
and calculate the same things.

Answer 1

Given:

Resistance of Toaster = 1

Resistance of Lamp = 2

Voltage supply = 110 V

Solution:

Parallel Conection

a)

b) The voltage across each component in a parallel circuit is equal which means voltage across toaster is equal to the lamp and which is equal to 110 V.

According to Ohms law, V= IR

Current passing through Toaster , I toaster = V / R toaster

= 110 / 1

= 110 A

Current passing through Lamp, I Lamp = V / R lamp

= 110/2

= 55 A

Voltage drop across toaster = Voltage drop across Lamp = 110 V

Total Current in the circuit, I = I toaster + I Lamp  = 110 + 55 = 165 A

c) Schematic drawing of circuit is given below,

In Series Connection

1. Circuit the current is equal in all component connect in series

2. The total resistance is equal to the sum of individual resistance.

3.The supply voltage is equal to the sum of voltage drop across each resistance.

According to Ohms law, V= IR

Total resistance, R total = R toaster + R lamp

= 2 + 1

= 3

The current flow through the circuit I total = V / R total  

= 110 / 3

= 36.6 A = Current flow through toaster and the lamp

Voltage drop across toaster, V toaster = I toaster x R toaster

= 36.6 x 1

= 36.6 V

Voltage drop across lamp, V lamp = I lamp x R lamp

= 36.6 x 2

= 73.2 V