Question

1.

How do heavy metals such as arsenite inhibit the PDC?

Group of answer choices

They complex with FAD

They complex with pyruvate dehydrogenase

They complex with Acetyl CoA

They complex with lipoic acid

2.

Glucose can NOT be synthesized from which of the following organic molecules?

Group of answer choices

Pyruvate

Alanine

Glycerol

Adenine

Lactate

3.

Which of the following vitamins are precursors to coenzymes that are necessary for the formation of succinyl CoA from α-ketoglutarate?

Group of answer choices

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, lipoic acid, pantothenic acid, and biotin

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and biotin

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, lipoic acid, and pantothenic acid

thiamine, riboflavin, and lipoic acid

4.

The bifunctional enzyme is also known as __________.

Group of answer choices

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase

phosphofructokinase II

protein kinase 2

phosphofructokinase I

fructose 1-6 phosphatase

Answer 1

1. Option 4, The complex with lipoid acid.
Arsenite inhibits the lipoid acid component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

2. Option 4, Adenine

Gluconeogenesis is a process by which non-carbohydrates molecules can generate glucose. It includes all amino acids except leucine and lysine. It includes pyruvate and lactate.

3. option 3, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, lipoic acid, and pantothenic acid

alpha-ketoglutarate is converted into the succinyl co-A by the enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. This reaction is a part of the Krebs cycle. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is a multi enzyme complex associated with various co-enzymes.
Co-enzymes of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase are, Thiamine pyrophosphate, lipoic acid, Coenzyme A, FAD and NAD.

Thiamine pyrophosphate is derived from the vitamin B1, Thiamine.

Coenzyme A is derived from the vitamin B5, Pantothenic acid.

FAD is derived from vitamin B2, Riboflavin.

NAD is derived from vitamin B3, Niacin.

4. Option 2, phosphofructokinase II

Phosphofructokinase II is also known as the bi-functional enzyme because of its structure. It has two independently acting domains present on a single protein. One domain acts as a kinase whereas the other domain acts as a phosphatase.