Question

Explore and explain the pathophysiology of tuberculosis, describe the disease pathophysiology. You need to explain about the disease process and how a person may come to realize they have the disease based on their signs and symptoms. Explain the possible treatments involved in treating this disease, possible test or procedures that could be done, medications prescribed, ect, and the possible outcomes one could expect if they had the disease. Information which must be included: Disease process Signs and symptoms Treatments Sequala

Answer 1

TB is an airborne disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

M. tuberculosis is carried in airborne particles, called droplet nuclei, of 1– 5 microns in diameter.

# pathophysiology of tuberculosis:-

Droplet nuclei containing tubercle bacilli are inhaled, enter the lungs, and travel to the alveoli. Tubercle bacilli multiply in the alveoli. A small number of tubercle bacilli enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body.
The tubercle bacilli may reach any part of the
body, including areas where TB disease is more
likely to develop (such as the brain, larynx, lymph
node, lung, spine, bone ).

#​​ Sign and symptoms:-

Early warning signs:

• a persistent cough, lasting at least 3 weeks
• lethargy, which may have blood in it, when they cough
• a loss of appetite and weight

• a general feeling of fatigue and being unwell
• swelling in the neck a fever
• night sweats and chest pain

Symptoms:-  Active TB: A person with TB disease may experience a cough that produces phlegm, fatigue, a fever, chills, and a loss of appetite and weight. Symptoms typically worsen over time, but they can also spontaneously go away and return.

# Two tests can show whether TB bacteria are present:

• the TB skin test
• the TB blood test

* Treatment:-

• Treatment for latent TB can vary. It may involve taking an antibiotic once a week for 12 weeks or every day for 9 months.

• Treatment for active TB may involve taking several drugs for 6–9 months. When a person has a drug-resistant strain of TB, the treatment will be more complex. It is essential to complete the full course of treatment.

• Depending on the parts of the body that TB affects, a doctor may also prescribe corticosteroids.

* Prevention -TB vaccination