Question

Delineate three of the anatomical features of bipedality associated with the ancestry of modern humans. Be sure to provide the complete features and functions of each of the anatomical parts you are discussing.?

Answer 1

Anatomical features of bipedality associated with the ancestory of modern human are ---

1 The Foot ---- Human have smaller toes than their bipedal ancestor. Because human foot evolved to act as platform to support the entire weight of the body rather than acting a structure as it did in early hominids ( are the group of primates that include human, chimapnzees and gorillas).

Humans also have foot arch rather than flat feet. Because non - human hominids walk upright, weight is transmitted from the heel, along the outside of the foot through the middle toes, While a human foot transmit weight from the heel along the outside of the foot across the ball of the foot through big toe that's why human have foot arch but some people have flat feet due to wrog standing posture.

Function ---- Provides the support to the body.

Helps in standing.walking,runing , jumping ,etc.

2 The Hip ----  Modern human hip joints are larger than in our ancestrol species. Because modern humn contain graeter amount of body weight as compare to them. So for better support of greater amount of body weight passing through them, as well as having shoter, broader shape.

Also as bipedal ( having two legs or two feet) walking requires human to balance on a relatively unstable ball and socket joint, the placement of vertebral column closer to the hip joint allows human to invest less muscular effort in balancing.

Function ---- It also provide support to body . Helps in making the posture of body.also help in satnding ,sitting, running.

3 The Knee --- Modern Human knee joints are enlarged as compare to the ancestral species , Because of the same reason as the hip .

Function --- providing support, walking and also help in balncing of body.

4 The Brain --- We all know that modern human brain is larger than brain of ancestral species due to cranial cavity , human conatin 1400cc of cranial cavity.

Function ---- Control the all part of body, help in thinking,understanding and provide the ability for taking decission.