Question

Explain at least two types of cellular damage that are largely responsible for progression from reversible to irreversible cellular injury.

Answer 1

The two essential phenomenon for progression of irreversible cell injury are

1. Inability of the cell to reverse the mitochondria damage on reperfusion and reoxygenation

2. Disturbance in. Cell membrane function

These are the two cellular damage that are largely responsible for irreversible cell injury

EXPLANATION

1. Mitochondrial dysfunction

As a result of continued hypoxia there is large influx of calcium . This excess of calcium get collected in the mitochondria and disabling it's function . There is changes in vacuoles of mitochondria and amorphous calcium deposited on the matrix of the mitochondria

2. Cell membrane damage

Damage to membranes or plasma membrane in particular is the most important event in irreversible cell injury due to ischemia . As there is increased calcium .This increased calcium will activate the endogenous phospholipase .These will degrade the phospholipid of the cell membrane as phospholipid are the main constituents of the lipid by layer

Other cellular damage in irreversible injury are

Cytoskeleton damage

Lysosomal damage

Nuclear damage

Bht the main two most important type of cellular damage that are largely responsible for progression from reversible to irreversible celular injury are mitochondrial and cell membrane damage