Question

A recent study conducted compared two strategies that are designed to reduce violence among inmates in large prisons. Strategy A involved counseling (e.g. crisis intervention). Strategy B involved punishment (e.g. solitary confinement). Violent confrontations were measured in two similar prison settings prior to and then after the implementation of either strategy. The researchers used a t-test to compare the before and after violent incidents at each prison. The statistical significance of these t-tests is below and represented as a p value. REMEMBER, statistical significance (also called p value) represent the probability that a statistical change is due to chance. Normally, a p value of 0.05 is considered acceptable, however, this standard can be ignored if change is more dramatic and one is not as concerned about error.

In Prison A (which used Strategy A) violent incidents reduced 57 percent, p=0.10. In Prison B (which used Strategy B) violent incidents reduced 30 percent, p=0.04.

Write a brief (one or two paragraph) recommendation to the warden on which of these two strategies you would implement. If you chose Strategy A (because it resulted in a higher level of reduction in violent confrontations) discuss why you are ignoring the acceptable level of statistical significance standard.

Answer 1

ANSWER::

From the study, we can see that for Strategy A, the violent incidents have reduced by 57% with a p-value of 0.10 which is insignificant at a significance level of 0.05. The probability that the results have occurred by random chance is 0.10

For Strategy B, the reductions in the violent incidents are 30% which is not much dramatic and smaller than the reductions caused due to Strategy B. However, the p-value of 0.04 indicates that the reductions were significant at 0.05 level of significance. The acceptable level of statistical significance is just a standard used and it is not just a sole criteria for selecting the strategy. If we compare both the strategies, the type-I probability for both the prisons is not much different which is 10% and 5% respectively but there is a more dramatic effect in Prison A.

The standard can be ignored as it is just a general significance level used and a statistical significance does not mean clinical significance. Sometimes, statistical significance can be ignored because a large sample size could also result in it. Hence, we will chose Strategy A.

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