What are the political, economic, and social trade-offs
associated with tourism?
What are the political, economic, and social trade-offs
associated with tourism?
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Tourism is a highly taxed industry. Almost 40-45%% of the
commodity’s cost comes from add-on taxes. When government officials
claim that they must provide additional protection services to
non-residents they often fail to take into account just how much
money non-residents add to a local economy not only through
purchases but also through the payment of taxes.
Global standardization has produced less unique locales. The
globalized marketplace means that often the same products are
available throughout the world. For example, shopping malls around
the world often seem to offer the same products and many travelers
find hotels to be so standardized that they almost forget in what
county the hotel is located.
Tourism and travel are highly dependent on the cost of fuel.
The recent rise in the price of fuel such as gasoline has a major
impact on the entire industry. Summer is the high season for travel
and with the cost of gasoline on the rise, many travelers may have
to adjust their spending (or vacation length) in order to pay for
additional fuel charges. Those locales that are taking this
challenge into account and seeking creative solutions will be the
ones best prepared to overcome this challenge.
The new world of telecommunication can offer many advantages to
both the traveler and to the travel industry. However, it also
means that leisure travelers no longer are simply on vacation.
Instead they expect to be connected to business and family at all
times. The telecommunications revolution also means that business
meetings may be conducted on-line or via satellite rather than face
to face and may eliminate the need for many business trips.
Finally, the telecommunications revolution means that virtual
reality often replaces classical reality. No longer can just one
city lay claim to an attraction when other cities can reproduce the
same attraction in a virtual state.
Security is a major challenge to the tourism and travel
industry. The tourism and travel industry should have received a
major wake-up call on September 11, 2001. Too many tourism offices
or convention and visitors bureaus have no (or almost no) contact
with their local police departments. Too many police departments
have no officers trained in TOPs (tourism oriented
policing/protection services). Too few city councils or local
governments have provides their security agencies (e.g., policy
departments) with the economic and manpower resources to protect
the visitor and tourism facilities. Almost no community has done a
tourism security assessment of its industry’s personnel and sites.
Unless the visitor’s security becomes a primary focus of concern,
many tourism and travel destinations may face great economic losses
in the future.
Safety is another challenge facing the tourism industry. The
current population is aging perhaps like no other one in history.
As the baby boom generation (those born between 1946-1960)
increasingly approaches its 6th decade of life, many of its members
are refusing to slow down. Although the baby-boomers bodies are
aging, travel and tourism officials are seeing many of these people
practicing all sorts of physical activities, from motorcycling to
skiing. This “refusal” to sit back and grow old means that tourism
officials will be facing all sorts of safety issues. Mobile medical
units may be needed, others will need special diets and readily
available pharmacies open 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.
Closely related to safety issues are health issues such as
pandemics that can easily cause tourism panics. Not only can a drop
in water quality (purity) become a major tourism issue, but also
the industry must face the reality of pandemics and/or pandemic
scares. The SARS “scare” ought to have reminded the travel industry
that a few media stories can wreak havoc on the tourism industry’s
viability. In a like manner, a nervous public may connect a health
event with a potential act of terrorism. The anthrax episodes in
Washington, DC are an example of how a nervous public may cease to
visit a locale due to health related safety issues.
Political conditions will continue to be a challenge for the
tourism industry. On the international front, tourism will continue
to have to deal with an ever more complicated and confusing
political reality. For example, despite governments claiming that
they support tourism, visa restrictions have become more
complicated. Furthermore, no nation seems to be immune from street
demonstrations, politically motivated riots, acts of terrorism,
wars or bureaucratic red tape. These circumstances not only give
negative publicity to the host locale, but also make travel more
difficult and less appealing.
Travel stress brought about by poor travel conditions. Few
today would disagree that while still romantic, travel is no longer
stress-free. Not only is air travel increasingly difficult but
other forms of transportation are no longer hassle free. All forms
of the travel and tourism industry have placed greater restrictions
on what they offer and many have raised prices. Along with these
restrictions, many parts of the industry suffer from either limited
personnel or poor customer service. So far these stresses have not
caused a decrease in travel, but the potential for such a turndown
is very present.
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