Question

1 Define the term “distillation.”

2 Write an equation to exemplify Dalton’s Law.

3 Maximum boiling azeotropes differ from minimum boiling azeotropes in what significant way?

4 Define the term “reflux.”

5 Draw a sketch of a fractional distillation setup. Be sure to show where external support is necessary.

please answer all 5 questions

Answer 1

Distillation: It is a process of separating the liquid compounds or a mixture containing solid and liquid by exclusive evaporation and condensation. This process takes the advantage of difference in bioloing point and while being heated, the liquid with less bioling point will be evoperated and ultimately result in the purification of liquid or left over solid. If bioloing point is close, then it would be necessary to use the fractional distillation

Pressure_Total = Pressure_{Gas 1} + Pressure_{Gas 2} + Pressure_{Gas 3} + ... Pressure_{Gas n}

An alternative of this equation can be used to determine the partial pressure of an individual gas in the mixture.

If the total pressure is known and the number of moles of each component gas are known, the partial pressure can be computed using the formula:

P_x = P_Total ( n_x / n_Total )

where

P_x = partial pressure of gas x P_Total = total pressure of all gases n_x = number of moles of gas x n_Total = number of moles of all gases

A solution that shows greater positive deviation from Raoult's law forms a minimum boiling azeotrope at a specific composition.

A solution that shows large negative deviation from Raoult's law forms a maximum boiling azeotrope at a specific composition

Relux: Is process in which the evoperated solvent is condensed again back to liquid state by reducing the temperature