2nd law of thermodynamics. (a) Explain the second law of
thermodynamics and use an example to illustrate why this law is
true. (b) Given the 2nd law of thermodynamics, how is it
thermodynamically possible that a protein can spontaneously fold
given the inordinate number of conformations available to it in the
denatured form and the limited allowable arrangements in the native
form (i.e., ΔS < 0 for the protein folding process).
a statement of the first law of thermodynamics is that a. in a
spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases b. there
is no disorder in a perfect crystal at 0 k. c. the total energy of
the universe is constant. d. the totla energy of the universe is
constant. e. mass and energy are conserved in all chemical
reactions
Write the first law of thermodynamics for magnetic material, and
derive thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell equations. Determine
the difference in heat capacitance in the case of constant magnetic
field and permanent magnetization.
2
(a) Write the expression for Fick’s first law of diffusion and
explain the terms in the equation in one sentence each. Illustrate
and explain the concentration gradient as a function of distance in
3-4 sentences.
b) Write down the solution for Fick’s second law of diffusion.
Explain all the terms in a sentence. Denote the concentration terms
in the equation (Cs, C0 and Cx) in
a schematic showing a concentration gradient profile. (In other
words, sketch a typical concentration...