Question

1. Describe a medical or biomedical problem that has been diagnosed treated by nano science. Answer what, who, where, how and when they made the discovery.

2. Indicate how you experimentally verify or demonstrate the special properties of diamond compared to the properties of graphite and coal?

Answer 1

1. Nanoscience for the invention of microrobot for eye surgeries and drug administration

The microbot, known as OctoMag, is introduced into the eye with a small needle and is directed using electromagnetic fields to perform a precision surgery or release very precise amounts of drugs, without the need for any incisions. This is invented by Scientists from Robotics Laboratory ETH Zurich, Switzerland developed a tiny microrobot that can be guided magnetically. One of its possible uses would be to dissolve clots in the eye vessels.

Other American company Replenish, based in Pasadena, California, has developed a micro-pump that, placed behind the eye, releases a drug when necessary. To this end, the company's researchers have managed to combine a sensor and a drug delivery pump with wireless technology in a single ultra minute device.

2. Experimental verification of special properties of Diamond and Graphite and Coal.

100,000,000x magnification pictures of Diamond(Left) and Graphite(Right)

This experimental demonstration shows the Diamond is a tetrahedron in structure where each carbon atom forms a strong bonding with the other four carbon atoms and in Graphite each carbon forms a stable bond with three other carbon atoms forming a sheet-like structure.

Diamond forms a three-dimensional network of strong covalent bonds.The carbon atoms in the Graphite structure are sp2 hybridized and are directed in the same plane thus forming hexagonal rings