Question

1. What is the definition of pain, according to McCafrey& Beebe?

2. What is the definition of pain, according to the International Association for the Study of Pain?

Components of pain assessment:
Observe What S&S are you observing for pain?
Ask What is the PQRST pain assessment tool? What is the WILDA pain assessment tool?
Examine List an example of an exam you would do with assessing a patient’s pain.
Treat List some examples of medications commonly given for pain. List some non-pharmacological treatments for pain.
Follow-up After giving patient pain medications you must follow-up within certain time limits to assess their response to the treatment. When must you follow up after giving IV pain medications? When must you follow up after giving oral pain medications? When must you follow up after non-pharmacological pain management treatments?

List some examples of pain assessment scales. What scale might you use with a child? What scale might you use with a non-English speaker?

Answer 1

1)Pain definition ::pain is When a person says that he experiences it is  .and it is existing when and where the client says it does.

2)definition (IASP)::it is displeasing sensory and psychological experience related with actual or potential tissue break down.

signs and symptoms of pain;::::pain can effect deterimenly on patients physical,mental,and spiritual well being

Main signs and symptoms are 1Mood change,

2)less concentration,

3)anger

4)irritation ,

5)anxiety,

6)less productivity,

7)poor appetite,

8)insomnia,

9)moaning,

10)cry,

11)deep breath,

12)worry,

13)doubt,

14)less active

PQRS pain Assessment::::

P -means provocation or palliation -which means time when it and cause of pain ,how can be it relieved or increased.

Q-Quality or quality-the type of pain you have mild,moderate,severe,stabbing,burning or twitching

R-Region or radiation-location of the pain and mention if it is radiated from or to any other parts.

S-Severity scale -rate the level of pain between 0 to 10

T-Timing -the moment when it is started and how much time it occurs.when it is occur day or night.

WILDA pain assessment:::::

W-words-how you describe your pain.this will help to understand what type of pain it is E.g.burning,stabbing etc.

I-intensity-to know about the level of your pain according to pain scale 0 to 10

L-location- the place where you feel the pain.

Duration-To know how much time it occurs,or it was constant or intermittent.this will assist identify the type of medication which can give to patient.

A-aggravating-when and how your pain get increased or worsened. E.g.medication,massage,emotional support

Examples of pain assessment:::

1)Patient with appendicitis-pain will originate from Peri umbilical region then radiate to the right lower quadrant of abdomen severe at mcbourneys point.patient has rebound tenderness.

2)patient with cholecystittis-patient has pain at right upper quadrant of abdomen and radiated to scapula.patient has Murphy sign,dark color urine ,clay colors stool.

3)patient with renal calculus--severe pain is present at the lower back and side.it is radiated to lower abdomen and groin

PAIN MEDICATIONS::::1)Acetaminophen

2)tramadol

3)diclofenac

4)ibuprofen

5)Aspirin

6)Naproxen

7)morphine

8)ultracet

Non-pharamacological treatment

1)massaging

2)Hot application

3)cold application

4)exercise

5)mobilization

6)psychological support

after intravenous pain medication we should evaluate the patient after 15 to 30 mints of injection .

while after oral administration of pain medication we should evaluate after 45 to 60 minutes.

Mean while ,patient should do follow ups after 2 weeks of non pharmacological therapy as it get cured slowly in this case.

Pain scales::::1)Numerical rating scales

a)Wong Baker pain rating scale

b)FLACC scale

c)CRIES scalLes

2)categorical scale

3)visual analog scale.

Paediatric pain scale:::Wong Baker faces pain rating scale

Non English speaker:::Numeric rating scale,worddiscriptors