Question

1. Discuss 6 different pain scales and their purpose.

Pain scale Purpose What type of patient does this scale work best on?

Define the Difference generalized and focused assessment

discuss when an assessment is conducted

Answer 1

Scale	Used in Patient	Details
Numerical Rating Pain Scale	Qualitative : Used for patients who can respond verbally (above 9 years)	Patient verbally rates pain from 0 to 10 to indicate level of pain. Zero indicates the absence of pain, while 10 represents the most intense pain possible. (1 to 3: Mild, 4 to 6: moderate, 7 to 10: severe)
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Scale	Used for ages above 3 years old	It combines pictures and numbers for pain ratings. There are Six faces each depicting different expressions, ranging from happy (no hurt) to extremely upset.(worst hurt)
FLACC Scale	Used to assess the level of pain in children who are too young to cooperate verbally or adults who are unable to communicate.	FLACC stands for face, legs, activity, crying, and consolability. It is based on observations, with 0-2 points assigned for each of the five areas
CRIES scale	It is used to assess level of pain in infants less than or equal to six months old, especially in the neonatal intensive care setting	It assesses crying, oxygenation, vital signs, facial expression, and sleeplessness. nurse or physician. Nurse or physician assigns two points (0 to 2) to each parameter, with a rating of 0 for signs of no pain and a rating of 2 for signs of maximal pain.
COMFORT scale	Used to assess level of pain in person who cannot describe or rate their pain (eg with cognitive disorder or admitted in ICU)	It provides rating between nine and 45 based on nine different parameters (Alertness, calmness, respiratory distress, crying, physical movement, facial tension, muscle tone, blood pressure and heart rate
Color analogue pain scale	Often used in children	It uses colors,Red, yellow, green to indicate severity of pain. Red represents severe pain, yellow represents moderate pain, and green represents comfort

Generalised assessment:Overall assessment on how patient feels pain is affecting his body (including mentally)

Localised assessmnet: Toa ssess pain in specific body part, eg. legs to measure local pain on palpatation