Question

A research conducted a study of consumer behavior in wine drinkers. She manipulated several factors between-subjects in a multi-factor design. First, she had participants sample three different wines, ranging in cost from low ($5) to medium ($10) to high ($20). Second, she labeled them as costing $6 or $90. So, for example, a person might receive a cheap wine labeled as costing $6 or a cheap wine labeled as costing $90. Third, she recruited casual wine drinkers and expert wine drinkers. The main dependent variable was how much participants reported liking the wine they had tasted. After conducting a multi-factor ANOVA, she found that people gave significantly more positive ratings to the wine labeled $90 than the wine labeled $6. She found no significant effect of the actual retail price of the wine. She also found no effect of wine-drinking experience: casual drinker vs. expert. However, the effect of labeled price was significantly greater in casual drinkers than in expert wine drinkers.

A) Which main effects were revealed by the ANOVA?

a) actual retail price of the wine

b) None

c) wine-drinking experience (casual vs. expert)

d) Labeled price of the wine & wine-drinking experience (casual vs. expert)

e) Labeled price of the wine & actual retail price of the wine

f) Labeled price of the wine

B) What interaction effect occurred in the wine-drinking study?

a) actual retail price of the wine & wine-drinking experience (casual vs. expert)

b) Labeled price of the wine & wine-drinking experience (casual vs. expert)

c) no interaction occurred

d) Labeled price of the wine & actual retail price of the wine

C) What type of research design was used in the wine-drinking study?

a) 3 X 2 X 2 factorial design

b) Survey

c) 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design

d) correlational study

D) What conclusions can you draw from the wine-drinking study?

a) experts are no better at judging wines than are casual drinkers

b) wines do not taste good

c) better quality wines also taste better

d) People's perception of wine price are simply irrelevant

e) better quality wines are rated more highly, especially by casual wine drinkers

f) People enjoy wines more if they believe the wine is expensive, especially for casual wine drinkers

E) There are ___ degrees of freedom for the "labelled price" factor and ____ degrees of freedom for the "actual retail price" variable.

2, 1 3. 2 3, 1 1,2 2, 3

Answer 1

A)

People gave significantly more positive ratings to the wine labeled $90 than the wine labeled $6. She found no significant effect of the actual retail price of the wine. She also found no effect of wine-drinking experience: casual drinker vs. expert.

The main effect revealed by the ANOVA is,

f) Labeled price of the wine

B)

The effect of labeled price was significantly greater in casual drinkers than in expert wine drinkers.

b) Labeled price of the wine & wine-drinking experience (casual vs. expert)

C)

Number of levels for actual retail price of the wine = 3

Number of levels for labeled price of the wine = 2

Number of levels for wine-drinking experience = 2

So, this is a

a) 3 X 2 X 2 factorial design

D)

The suitable conclusion of the study because of main effect of labeled price of the wine and interaction effect between labeled price of the wine & wine-drinking experience is,

f) People enjoy wines more if they believe the wine is expensive, especially for casual wine drinkers

E)

degrees of freedom for the "labelled price" factor = Number of levels for labeled price of the wine - 1 = 2 - 1 = 1

degrees of freedom for the "actual retail price" = Number of levels for actual retail price of the wine - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2

1,2