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In: Economics

Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter (1976) conducted a study investigating whether or not invasions of personal space...

Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter (1976) conducted a study investigating whether or not invasions of personal space are physiologically, as well as psychologically, arousing. The study was conducted in a men’s lavatory. Men were randomly assigned to have personal space or to have their personal space invaded. The investigators closed off specific urinals. Participants were forced to urinate either in the urinal next to a male confederate or in the urinal one away from the confederate. A second confederate positioned in a toilet stall adjacent to the urinals observed the subjects via a periscope and recorded the latency to onset of urination and its duration.

The study includes ethical issues to be concerned. After reading the study, answer the questions below.

  1. Identify whether the research is making a frequency claim, an association claim, or a causal claim
  2. What are the variables of interest (e.g., independent, dependent, measured, or manipulated)?
  3. What specific ethical issues pertain to the study (e.g., deception, stress, lack of info.)?
  4. How could the ethical problems be remedied? And what impact would your proposed remedies have on the internal and external validity of the study?

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