Question

Part 1: Alterations in Neurological Function Please answer the questions completely and with clarity in your own words. Address all questions listed. Please list the question for clarification before answering. Read the scenario before answering the questions. Explain your thoughts and ideas fully. You are caring for a patient with anoxia (lack of oxygen) to the brain because of a drug overdose. The patient is unresponsive to external stimuli (pressure, pain, speaking to the patient). The patient is mechanically intubated being provided oxygen and ventilation support. 1. What are the potential complications of altered brain function? 2. Provide 3 examples of brain function and the altered effects on the body’s sytems (what happens when brain function is not working properly). 3. Explain how this occurs (pathophysiology) and… 4. why each is a problem.

Part 2: Seizure Disorders Please answer the following questions related to seizure disorders. Please answer the questions completely and with clarity in your own words. Address all questions listed. Please list the question for clarification before answering. 1. What is the difference between seizures, epilepsy, and staus epilepticus? 2. What are the phases of seizures, and what occurs in each phase? 3. What are the general clinical manifestations of seizure disorders?

Answer 1

1)Potential complication of altered brain function are as following

• Altered cognitive functions
• Impaired memory loss short term or long term depending upon the intense of injury to the brain
• Changes in level of consciousness
• Personality disorder
• loss of motor function

2) Three functions of brain

• When there is an injury in the cerebellum there is loss of control on coordination and balance
• When there is issues in the brain stem it affects the automatic functions like breathing ,digestion ,heart rate and blood pressure
• The functions like motor activity, speaking, reasoning, problem solving, emotional traits are controlled at the frontal lobe

3)Pathophysiology

The overdose of a drug results in the damage of the brain tissues>>altered brain functions>>happpens in less than 3to 5 minutes if untreated>>causing anoxia to brain>>resulting sometimes in irreversible damage.

4) Everything is a problem when anoxia happens to the brain affecting the entire brain functions

1)Difference between seizure,epilepsy and epilepti seizure

Seizure

It is a sudden uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain which may produce physical convulsion

Epilepsy

It is a recurrent episode of seizure

Status Epilepticus

It is epileptic episode lasting for more than 5 minutes

2)There are three phases

• Auro- alteration in smell ,taste ,visual, hearing, emotional state
• Ictal-The seizure episode occurs here
• Post ictal- Drowsiness and confusion occurs

3)Clinical manifestation

• Temporary confusion
• starring spell
• loss of consciousness or awareness
• Fear
• Anxiety
• Uncontrolled jerkinh movemments