Question

I want my answer typed.                                      I. What is presbyopia? Hyperopia? Myopia?

2. Which cranial nerves assesses eye function and acoustic function?

3. What is the Rinne test? Weber test?

4. Do you or anyone you know have any of the issues/symptoms/conditions mentioned in the video? Is it due to genetics or aging? How is it being managed?

Answer 1

Question No.1

What is presbyopia? Hyperopia? Myopia?

Presbyopia

When you are in adult age you can see small prints or newspaper clearly without focusing. But when your age reach around 40 and above, you have to focus or adjust the newspaper or reading material to read clearly. This condition is called Presbyopia. In the as the age grows after adolescence there is gradual decrease in eyesight occurs. You have to put more concentration to read small things clearly. Presbyopia continue till the age of 65 and above. The eyesight continue to decrease in this condition. Eyeglasses with progressive lens is the treatment of Presbyopia. That's why mostly you can check around most people wearing eyeglasses with lens after 40 years.

Surgery also is an option.

Hyperobia

It is a common vision condition, it is also called farsightedness, in which you can see the distant objects clearly but it is difficult to see nearby objects. The nearby objects looks blurry. This problem is common in children and adults. In this light rays focus behind the retina. This condition can be treated with eyeglasses with the prescribed lens and contacts. Generally if prescribed number is in plus like + 2.00, you have Hyperobia.

Myopia

It is condition opposite to the Hyperobia. It is called nearsightedness, because in this condition it is difficult to see far objects, near objects will be clear. In this light rays focus before retina. In prescription you can check that if number is in negative like - 2.50 then you can say that this is Myopia. Eyeglasses with lens, contact lens and surgery are the options in Myopia. Your doctor can suggest you Photorefractive Keratectomy or LASIC laser techniques also.

Question No.2

Which cranial nerves assesses eye function and acoustic function?

Carnial Nerves Assesses eye function

Sr. No.	Cranial Nerve	Functions
I	Oculomotor	Pupillary response and horizontal eye movement.
II	Trochlear	Internal rotation of eye, downward vertical eye movement.
III	Optic	Visual and pupillary response.
IV	Abducens	Horizontal eye movement.

Carnial Nerves Assesses acoustic function

Sr.No.	Carnival Nerve	Function
I.	Acoustic or Vestibulocochlear Nerve	This nerve helps in hearing and balancing head position. This nerve transmits sound information from ear to brain.

Question No.3

What is the Rinne test? Weber test?

Rinne Test

This test is a comparison between Air Conduction(AC) and Bone Conduction(BC). Generally it is done by a physician after Weber Test to confirm the hearing loss. Physician use a tuning fork and place it behind the one ear on the mastoid bone. Then physician strike on the fork, you will signal to the physician when you hear the sound. After it the physician will do the same procedure by placing the tuning fork next to the ear canal. The physician records the time length when you hear the sound in both positions.

Weber Test

In Weber test a physician determine the hearing loss through differential between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss occurs when the sound waves unable to pass from middle ear to inner ear. This can be occur due to problem in ear drum or in ear canal. A lot of reasons are there which can build this defect. Like infection in ear, punctured ear drum, more ear wax. In Sensorineural hearing loss there will be defect in any part of acoustic nerves, inner ear or cochlea i.e the parts which connects ear with brain. In weber test also physician use tuning fork. But physician places tuning fork in the middle of the head. The patient will differentiate from which ear sound is clear. Or both ear heard the same quality sound or both didn't heard any sound. If both ear are normal then same intensity sound are produced in both. If there is Conductive hearing loss then the best sound will heard by abnormal ear. If Sensorineural hearing loss then best sound will heard by normal ear.