Question

5. Exchange of genes between Influenza viruses contribute to:

		a. Antigenic drift.
		b.Antigenic shift.
		c.Segmented RNA.
		d.All of the above.

6. Which is a thymus independent antigen?

		a.HA from the Influenza virus.
		b.Capsule from Pneumococcus.
		c.A-B toxin.
		d.All of the above.

7. Which is a mechanism of how tumor evade the immune system:

		a.Secretion of TGF-B.
		b.Recruitment of Treg.
		c.Lack of MHC expression.
		d.Lack of tumor antigens.
		e.All of the above.

8. Binding of PD-L1 from the tumor cell to the PD1 receptor on T cell results in:

		a.The activation of the T cell.
		b.The suppression of the T cell.
		c.Production of antibodies.
		d.The killing of the tumor cell.

9. CarT cells are being used as:

		a.Vaccines.
		b.Therapies against tumor.
		c.Inhibition of PD-1.
		d.Production of antibodies.

10. To produce CarT cells, the original T cells were isolated from other donors.

a.True

b.False

Answer 1

1. Exchange of genes between Influenza viruses contribute to Antigenic shift

Antigenic shift refers to the gene recombination occurring when influenza viruses re-assort. A sudden shift in the antigenicity of a virus resulting from the recombination of the genomes of two viral strains. Antigenic shift is seen only with influenza A viruses

Mutations causing minute changes in the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens on the surface of the Influenza virus is termed as antigenic drift.

2. thymus independent antigen is a HA from the Influenza virus.

3.mechanism of how tumor evade the immune system

a). TGF Beta secretion

In cancer, TGF-β has been shown to support the evasion of cancer cells from immune surveillance

4.Binding of PD-L1 from the tumor cell to the PD1 receptor on T cell results in

The suppression of the T cell.

Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor suppresses T cell migration, proliferation, and secretion of cytotoxic mediators, and restricts tumor cell killing. ... In addition to binding PD-1, PD-L1 also interacts with B7 (CD80, CD86) creating negative signals on T cells and dampens antitumor immunity

5. CarT cells are being used as:

Therapies against tumor.

The FDA has approved CAR T-cell therapy for adult patients with certain types of lymphoma and for children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who haven't responded to other forms of treatment. We are conducting clinical trials of CAR T-cell therapy for other types of blood cancer.