In: Nursing
for case study 1 question 3: what are the possible approaches the surgeon can take to correct Susan's condition and which one will be the preferred choice?
Q1
1+2
Vitrectomy Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure undertaken by a specialist where the vitreous humor gel that fills the eye cavity is removed to provide better access to the retina. This allows for a variety of repairs, including the removal of scar tissue, laser repair of retinal detachments and treatment of macular holes. Once surgery is complete, saline, a gas bubble or silicone oil may be injected into the vitreous gel to help hold the retina in position.
2 When the vitreous cavity becomes cloudy, patients experience hazy vision. If the haziness is caused by benign (mild) or inactive conditions such as asteroid hyalosis, posterior vitreous detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, vitreous condensation, or old inflammation, a complete pars plana vitrectomy may resolve symptoms and permanently improve vision.
rectomy surgery is performed to address abnormal pulling (traction) by the vitreous on the retina. Vitreoretinal traction is a common causative finding associated with aging, nearsightedness, severe diabetes, severely premature infants, head or eye trauma, following YAG laser capsulotomy, and after complex anterior segment surgery.
3 Posterior Pars
Plana Vitrectomy: The vitreous or vitreous humor is
thought
to serve as a framework or support for the layers of a newborn’s
eye during development. In normal eyes, the vitreous is crystal
clear throughout adult- hood and fills the eye from the front or
anterior (iris-lens) to the back or posterior (optic nerve). This
area comprises two-thirds of the volume of the eye and is called
vitreous cavity, which along with the retina, the retinal pigment
epithelium, choroid, and sclera, make up the posterior
segment.
A vitrectomy performed for diseases of the posterior segment is
called a posterior or pars plana vitrectomy. This kind of
vitrectomy is performed by a retina specialist.
Pars plana: This is a section of the eye just behind the cornea and extending to the anterior insertion of the rectus muscles that move the eye. Incisions can be placed in this portion of the eye without damaging the anterior structures of the eye such as the iris or lens or posterior structures
Anterior Vitrectomy:
In rare cases, the vitreous gel comes through the pupil
into the anterior (front) chamber of the eye. This can
happen:
• Following eye trauma (injury)
• During complex cataract, cornea, or glaucoma surgery
• As a result of lens problems
Because leaking vitreous gel can lead to future problems, an
anterior vitrectomy may be performed to minimize risk and to
promote visual recovery.
posterior is the preferred approach
4canulas. (Valved and valveless)
5 gas bubble or silicone oil