Question

Description Neoplastic and malignant cell growth are the basis for understanding cancer proliferation. In order to effectively treat or care for patients with neoplastic disease, you must understand the basic process of neoplasia, and be able to appropriately differentiate between benign and malignant neoplasms. This assignment will help you become more comfortable with these complex concepts prior to writing your essay about neoplasia.

Answer 1

• Neoplasia is the process of abnormal growth and proliferation of any cells and/or growth of abnormal amount of cells.
• Neoplasia or neoplastic growth can be usually ended up in a bunch of morphologically similar but functionally immature cells or tissue known as tumors.
• Neoplasia can ranges from a tiny mole to the massive tumors.
• Non invasive tumors are called benign tumor and invasive tumors are called malignant tumors.
• Benign tumor are confined and margined tumors whereas malignant tumors lack a defined margin and shape.
• Benign tumors are static and ends up on usual surgical removal. But malignant cancers exhibit the classic sign of METASTASIS which is the relocation of a few andcells from the existing tumor and further invasion on other sites or tissues in the body.
• The major steps in neoplastic growth are:

1. Initiation : occurrence of mutations, i.e., alterations in one or more cellular genes which regulates the cellular proliferation. E.g.: tumor suppressor Gene mutation leads to loss of contact inhibition.
2. Promotion: selective growth enhancement in the mutated cell and its progeny by continuous exposure to the promoting agent.
3. Progression: results from continuing instability of further mutations, further mutations from genetic instability during promotion, results in further degrees of Independence and metastasis.

• The steps in metastasis are:

1. Separation of cells from primary tumor.
2. Invasion to the nearby or surrounding tissues by penetration of their basement membranes.
3. Entry to lymphatic vessels or peritoneal cavity for spread via lymphatic system, or entry to blood vessels and survival of these cells within blood for hematogenous spread.
4. Reaching a new and distant site and development of a new tumor there by angiogenesis to feed the new lesion and tumor.

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