Question

List the common respiratory sounds and describe their significance?

Answer 1

Breath sounds;

Normal breath sounds are distinguished by their location over a specific area of the lungs and are identified as

Vesicular

Bronchi vesicular

Bronchial

Tracheal breath sounds.

The location, quality,and intensity of breath sounds are determined during auscultation. When airflow is Decreased by bronchial obstruction (astelectasis )or when fluids (pleural effusion )or tissue (obesity )separate the air passage from the stethoscope, breath soundsof the patient with emphysema are faint or often completely inaudible. Bronchial and bronchi vesicular sounds that are audible anywhere except over the main branches in the lungs signify pathology, usually indicating consolidation in the lunusual. Pneumonia and heart failure.

Vesicular;

Duration of sounds;inspiratory sounds last longer than expiratory ones.

Intensity of expiratory sounds;

Soft

Pitch of expiratory sounds;

Relatively low

Location where heard normally;

Entire lung field except over the upper sternum and between the scapula.

Bronchi vesicular;

Duration of sounds;

Inspiratory and expiratory sounds are about equality.

Intensity of expiratory sounds;

Intermediate

Pitch;

Intermediate

Location heard;

1and2 interspaces anteriorly and between the scapula .

Bronchial;

Duration of sound;

Expiratory sounds last longer than Inspiratory ones.

Intensity of expiratory sounds;

Loud

Pitch;

Relatively high

Location heard;

Over the manu brium if heard at all.

Tracheal;

Duration of sounds;

Inspiratory and expiratory sounds are about equal.

Intensity and expiratory sounds;

Very load

Pitch;

Relatively high

Location heard;

Over the trachea in the neck.

Adventitious sounds

An abnormal conditions that affects the bronchial tree and alveoli may produce adventitious sounds.two types;

Discrete and discontinuous

Bronchophony;

Describe vocal resonance that is more intense and clearer than normal.

Egophony;

Describe voice sounds that are distorted. Repeat letter E heard.

Whispered pectoriloguy;

Ability to clearly and distinctly hear whispered sounds.

significants

Crackles general

Soft, high pitched, discontinuous popping sounds that occurs during inspiration. Secondary to fluid in the airways or alveoli or to delayed opening of collapsed alveoli .heart failure and pulmonary fibrosis

Coarse Crackles

Discon tinuous popping sounds heard in early inspiration harsh moist sounds originating in the large bronchial. Associated with obstruction pulmonary diseases.

Fine Crackles

Discontinue popping sounds heard in late inspiration.

Associated with interstitial pneumonia, restrictive pulmonary disease.also bronchitis or pneumonia.

Wheezes;

Wheezes in general

Usually heard on expiration

Bronchial wall oscillations and changes in airway diameter.

Sonorous Wheezes

Deep low pitched rumbling sounds heard primarily during expiration .associated with chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis and secretions and tumour.

Sibilant Wheezes

Continue ,musical, high pitched, whistle like sounds heard during inspiration and exporation. Associated with bronchospasm,asthma,and buildup of secretions.

Friction rubs;

Pleural friction rub

Harsh ,crackling sounds like two pieces of leather being rubbed together. Associated with secondary to inflammation and loss of lubrication pleura fluid.

Cyanosis

Anna blush color or skin and mucous membranes due to lacknowledge of oxygen can occurs long with abnormal breath sounds.cyanosis involves lips and face.

Nasal flaring;

Enlargement of the opening of the nostrils when breathing in babes.

Abdominal breath;

Use of the abdominal muscleto assist breathing

Accessory muscle;

Use the neck and chest wall muscleso to assist breathing.

Stridor

Narrowing of the upper airway

Rales;

Small clicking

Bubbling

Ratting sounds in the lungs

They sound heard when a person breathes in inhales.

Rhonci sounds;

Resemble snoring low pitched sounds.

Wheezing high pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways of bronchialsounds tubes.

Decreased to absent breath sound due to atelectasis

Absent breath sounds due to pneumothorax,pleural effusion.

Crackles sound due to pulmonary edema

Wheezes sounds due to asthma

Ronchi, Wheezes, absent and Decreased sound due to emphysema

Decreased, possible scattered Coarse Crackles, rhonci or Wheezes due to bronchitis

Crackles, Bronchophony, egophony, whispered pectoriloguy due to consolidation.