Question

only typed answer please !( more than 6 pages)
a project on Rehabilitation after total knee replacement
, which may includes introduction,procedure, conclusion ,discussion etc.

you can take internet resources and some books
   i will give an upvote thanks! pleaase help

Answer 1

.Rehabilitation after total knee Replacement

Knee replacement surgery can relieve pain and restore function to a knee very quickly and one of the most successful procedures in all of medicine .

.Introduction

Total knee Replacement is a orthopaedic surgical procedure where the articular surfaces of the knee joint are replaced.There is atleast one polyethylene piece ,placed between the tibia and the femur as a shock absorber.In 50% of the cases the patella is also replaced .Reasons for a patella replacement include osteolysis,maltracking of the patella,failure of the implant.The aim of the patella reconstruction is to restore the extensor mechanism.The level of bone loss will dictate which kind of patella prosthesis is placed.when all the compartments of the knee are damaged atotal knee prosthesis may be necessary.The most common reason for a total knee prosthesis is osteoarthritis.osteoarthritis causes the cartilage of the joint to become damaged and no longer able to absorb shock.There are a lot of external risk factors that can cause knee osteoarthritis.There might also be some genetic factors that contribute to the development of osteoarthritis but more research is necessary.

.Procedure

Step 1:Making the knee incision

The surgeon makes an incision across the front of your knee to gain access to the patella,more commonly referred to as the kneecap.In a traditional knee replacement the incision is usually about 8-10 inches long.in minimally invasive knee surgery,the incision is usually 4-6 inches long.

Step 2: Rotating the patella

The first part of your knee that is exposed is your kneecap,called the patella.once your knee is open,the surgeon rotate the patella outside the knee area.This allows the surgeon to view the area needed to perform the surgical procedure.

Step 3:Preparing the femur

The first bone your surgeon will resurface is your femur commonly known as the thigh bone.once the surgeon has opened up and exposed your knee joint,he or she will carefully measure your bones and make precise cuts using special instruments.The damaged bone and cartilage from the end of the femur is cut away.

Step 4:Implanting the femoral component

The surgeon attached the metal femoral component to the end of your femur and uses bone cement to seal it into places

Step 5:Preparing the Tibia

The next bone your surgeon resurfaces is your tibia,The surgeon removes damaged bone and cartilage from the top of the tibia and then shapes the bones to fit the metal and plastic tibial components

Step 6:Implanting the tibial component

The bottom portion of the implant called the tibial tray is fitted to the tibia and secured into place using bone cement.once the tray is in place,the surgeon will snap in a polyethylene insert to sit between the tibial tray and the femoral component ,and act as a kind of buffer.This insert will provide a support for your body as you bend and flex your knee

Step 7:Re-adjusting the patella

Before returning the patella to its normal position,the surgeon might need to flatten the patella and fit it with an additional plastic component in order to ensure a proper fit with the rest of your implant.

Step 8:Finalizing the procedure

Your surgeon will blend and flex the knee to ensure that the implant is working correctly,and the alignment,sizing,and positioning is suitable.To complete the procedure the surgeon will close the incision with stitches or staples,and then bandage it and prepare you for recovery.

.Rehabilitation protocol

a) All times are considered to be approximate,with actuall progression based up on clinical presentation

b)patients are weight bearing as tolerated with the use of crutches,a walker or a cane to assist walking until they are able to demonstrate good walking mechanics,then full weight bearing

c)No passive or active flexion range of motion greater than 90 degrees until stitches are removed.

d) Early exercises should focus on recruitment proper quadriceps set

e)No resisted leg extension machines at any point in the rehabilitation process.

Conclusion

You might drive again as soon as 3 weeks after your surgery.But most people need 4-6 weeks before they can bend their knee to get in and out of the car.in 3-6 weeks you should shop for groceries get up from a chair and do ithot things that were difficult before the surgery.The good news is that it's easy to stay with your artificial knee ,you can walk,swim,bike, dance.....

Discussion

If you've had a knee replacement surgery chances are very high that you will feel far less pain and can move around much better than before .physical therapy is an important part of recovery.Rehabilitation exercises will help you walk ,climb stairs,and return to other normal activities more quickly