Question

difference between nitrogen and carbon cycle

1- elements

2- gases

3- bacteria name and its role

4- beneficial of these cycles

5- aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Answer 1

1. Carbon cycle is involved in the recycling of Carbon and the compounds of Carbon are interconverted in ecosystems while the nitrogen cycle is involved in the recycling of nitrogen and nitrogen and it's compounds are interconverted in ecosystems.

2. Carbon cycle starts with the atmospheric carbon dioxide while nitrogen cycle starts with the atmospheric nitrogen gas.

3. In carbon cycle, Carbon is released to the atmosphere in the form of Carbon dioxide by the process of decomposition carried out by micro organisms like bacteria and fungi. Carbon fixation is carried out by some Cyanobacteria also. In nitrogen cycle the Rhizobium bacteria living in the root nodules of leguminous plants convert nitrogen gas into ammonium ions.
The nitrifying bacteria like Nitrosomonas convert ammonia into nitrite and the other group of nitrifying bacteria like Nitrobacter converts nitrites to nitrates. Nitrate is converted into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria like Pseudomonas.

4.The carbon cycle is vital to life on Earth. Nature tends to keep carbon levels balanced, meaning that the amount of carbon naturally released from reservoirs is equal to the amount that is naturally absorbed by reservoirs. Maintaining this carbon balance allows the planet to remain hospitable for life.

The cycling of nitrogen through the ecosystem is crucial for maintaining productive and healthy ecosystems with neither too much nor too little nitrogen. Plant production and biomass (living material) are limited by the availability of nitrogen. Understanding how the plant-soil nitrogen cycle works can help us make better decisions about what crops to grow and where to grow them, so we have an adequate supply of food. Knowledge of the nitrogen cycle can also help us reduce pollution caused by adding too much fertilizer to soils.

5. The fungi which is involved in the decomposition process of Carbon cycle is aerobic.
Anaerobic environments are required for conducting nitrogen fixation due to the inhibitory action of oxygen on the enzyme nitrogenase. Free-living aerobic bacteria have a variety of different mechanisms for protecting the nitrogenase complex, including high rates of metabolism and physical barriers. Azotobacter overcome this problem by having the highest rate of respiration of any organism, thus maintaining a low level of oxygen in their cells.