Question

What are the SPSS procedures for:

4A Categorical and Categorical

4B Categorical with Quantitative

4C Quantitative with Quantitative

Answer 1

SPSS stands for 'Statistical Package for the Social Sciences'. It is one of the main data analysis packages used for research and education. SPSS has a multitude of commands and covers a wide range of quantitative analysis. So it can do all three of them.

Edit :

1. For two catagorical variables :

The chi-square test for independence, also called Pearson's chi-square test or the chi-square test of association, is used to discover if there is a relationship between two categorical variables.

Click Analyze > Descriptives Statistics > Crosstabs... on the top menu

You will be presented with the following Crosstabs dialogue box

Transfer one of the variables into the Row(s): box and the other variable into the Column(s): box.

Click on the Statistics button. You will be presented with the following Crosstabs: Statistics dialogue box.

Select the Chi-square and Phi and Cramer's V options,

Click the Continue button.

Click the Cells.. button. You will be presented with the following Crosstabs: Cell Display dialogue box.

Select Observed from the –Counts– area, and Row, Column and Total from the –Percentages– area,

Click the Continue button.

Click the Format button.

You will be presented with the option which allows you to change the order of the values to either ascending or descending.

Once you have made your choice, click the Continue button

Click the OK button to generate your output.

2. For two quantitive variables :

A scatterplot is the most useful display technique for comparing two quantitative variables. We plot on the y-axis the variable we consider the response variable and on the x-axis we place the explanatory or predictor variable.

In summarizing the relationship between two quantitative variables, we need to consider:

1. Association/Direction (i.e. positive or negative)
2. Form (i.e. linear or non-linear)
3. Strength (weak, moderate, strong)

To create a scatterplot in SPSS:

1. Import the data set
2. From the menu bar select Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Scatter/Dot
3. Select the square Simple Scatter and then click Define.
4. Click on variable Final and enter this in the Y_Axis box.
5. Click the variable Quiz Average and enter this in the X_Axis box.
6. Click OK

3. For Categorical with Quantitative Variable :

It depends on which variable is the dependent one, and which the independent one/s. For a quantitative dependent variable and categorical independent variable/s, use ANOVA (ANalysis Of VAriance). For the other way around, use a log-linear model if the dependent variable is a count, or (binomial/multinomial/ordered [multinomial]) & logistic regression if the dependent variable is binomial/multinomial/ordered [multinomial].

Hope this will help you.