Question

what are the components of the the fiscal policy and which one is the most useful and efficient?

Answer 1

Fiscal policy is the means by which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nation's economy. There are four key components of Fiscal Policy are as follows:

1. Taxation Policy:- The government gets revenue from direct and indirect taxes. Via its fiscal policy, government aims to keep the taxes as much progressive as possible.
2. Expenditure Policy:- Expenditure policy of the administration manages income and capital uses. These uses are done on zones of advancement like training, wellbeing, foundation and so forth and to pay interior and outer obligation and enthusiasm on those obligations. Government spending plan is the most vital instrument typifying consumption arrangement of the administration. The monetary allowance is likewise utilized for shortage financing i.e. filling the hole between Government spending and pay.
3. Investment & Disinvestment policy:- Optimum levels of domestic as well as foreign investment are expected to keep up the monetary development. As of late, the significance of FDI has expanded dramatically and has turned into an instrument of coordinating the residential economies with worldwide economy.
4. Debt / surplus management:- In the event that the administration got more than it spends, it is called excess. On the off chance that legislature spends more than wage, at that point it is called shortage. To finance the shortage, the legislature needs to get from household or outside sources. It can likewise print cash for shortfall financing.

Taxation and Public expenditure is a powerful instrument in the hands of public authority which greatly affect the changes in disposal income, consumption and investment. During inflation, such measures are adopted which help to wipe off the excessive purchasing power and consumer demand. Tax burden is raised in such a manner as it may not retard new investment. Keeping in view all facts in mind, it is stated that fiscal policy plays very significant role for promoting economic development and stability of under developed countries.