Question

. Written presentations should be a minimum of 2-3 paragraphs per each diagnosed condition (3 conditions minimum).

Symptom Presentation:

Adrenalin: Increased epinephrine (catecholamine production) from the adrenal medulla

Heart Rate: Increased resting heart rate with intermittent bursts of arrhythmia

Blood Pressure: Systemic hypertension reported over the past 8 months

Hypertensive Retinopathy: arteriolar constriction, vascular wall changes, cotton-wool spots, yellow hard exudates, and optic disk edema

Previously, you researched and considered three conditions through the process of differential diagnosis that would present with varying abnormalities in homeostasis, metabolism, triglycerides and DNA in week 1. Abnormalities in oxidation, plasma and tissue enzyme activity, inflammation and alopecia respectively in week 2. Increased cortisol and demonstrated bone loss in week 3. Fibromyalgia and muscle atrophy in week 4. Increased glutamate and memory loss in week 5 and neurogenic inflammation in week 6. Given the new symptom presentation above, consider and answer the following questions within written presentation:

written presentation, create a 2-3 paragraphs per each of the questions listed below.

Is the high resting heart rate, intermittent arrhythmia and high blood pressure associated with the increased catecholamine production of the adrenal medulla? Rationalize and explain your answer.

Would hypertensive retinopathy be associated with an acute or chronic disease state? Explain your answer.

What is your final diagnosis? Has your diagnosis changed from previous weeks? Rationalize and explain how and why you have arrived at your final diagnosis?

Within your video or written presentation, please be certain to validate your opinions and ideas while disclosing the sources utilized within your video presentation or written presentation (APA format).

Answer 1

Pheochromocytoma is the final diagnosis.it is a catecholamine -producing tumor usually found in the adrenal medulla ,but extra adrenal locations include the chest,bladder,abdomen and brain,typically is a benign tumor but can be malignant.Excessive amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted.Diagnostic tests include a 24 hour urine collection for vanillylmandelic acid (VMA),a product of catecholamine metabolism,metanephrine and catecholamines,all of which are elevated in the presence of pheochromocytoma ,the normal range of urinary catecholamines is upto 14mcg/100ml of urine ,with higher levels occuring in pheochromocytoma.Surgical removal of adrenal gland is the primary treatment.symptomatic treatment is initiated if surgical removal is not possible.The complications associated with pheochromocytoma include hypertensive crisis,including hypertensive retinopathy and nephropathy,cardiac enlargement and dysrhythmias,congestive heart failure,myocardial infarction ,increased platelet aggregation and stroke.Death can also occur from stroke ,shock,renal failure ,dysrhytmias.Yes it is associated with chronic disease state.Hypertension is the hallmark of pheochromocytoma.Severe hypertension can precipitate a shock or sudden blindness

Reference Black,J.,&Hawks ,J.(2009).Medical -Surgical nursing:Clinical management for positive outcomes98th ed.,p.1053).St.Louis:Saunders.