Question

In: Nursing

Maria, a 8-week-old Hispanic female, is brought to the clinic for a follow-up visit by her...

Maria, a 8-week-old Hispanic female, is brought to the clinic for a follow-up visit by her parents. She was diagnosed and treated for an ear infection 2 weeks earlier, which has now recurred. Her mother states that Maria has not been eating, is very sleepy, seems to be breathing rapidly, and has developed a fever. Due to the frequent infections that Maria has had so early in life, Maria was evaluated for a primary immunodeficiency.

1. What is pathophysiology of primary immunodeficiency?

2. What are the manifestations of primary immunodeficiency?

3. What is the epidemiology of primary immunodeficiency?

4. How is primary immunodeficiency diagnosed?

5. What treatment plan is expected as Maria is treated?

Expert Solution

1,

The primary immunodeficency occurs with any viral replication in the body. In case of this child it starts with ear infection. Those virus or microbs attached to the T lymphocytes.CD4 cells depleted at expense of CD8 cell activation or suppressor. Eventually CD4 cells lost from the body and immune system disabled to function against microbes and oppurtunistic infections and recurrence of infections occurs.

2,

Frequent and recurrent infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, ear infection, meningitis etc.

Inflammation and infection of the internal organs such as liver, stomach, brain etc.

Anemia, platelet disorder such blood disorders.

3,

Primary Immunodeficiencies are a group of diseases characterized by recurrent or chronic infections, autoimmunity, allergy, or inflammation as a consequence of genetic alterations affecting the immune system. The overall incidence is around 1:10,000 and they are more prevalent in children.

4,

Mainly the diagnostic measure for immunodeficency disorders are blood test and physical examination. In blood test we are monitoring the blood components and for any signs of infection. Physical examination is mainly done to identify any abnormalities in structures.

5,

The main tretment plan for immunodeficency is immunoglobulin therapy. Adminidtering immunoglobulin which cnsist of antibody protein which fight against the microorganisms. Also boosting the immune system.

Preventing the infection occurance is also a method of treatement of immunodeficency.

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