Question

Discussion Topic: Distinguish between common vision problems in the older adult (Age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma). What is the clinical presentation, risk factors, and treatment for each? Discuss the impact these vision changes have on functional abilities. What pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions should be included in the plan of care of the client with the vision problem? What patient and family teaching should be included?

Answer 1

Ans1. The vision problem is commonly found among the elderly adults , which a major health care problem.

COMMON VISION PROBLEMS-

a. AGE RELATED MASCULAR DEGENERATION (AMD)-. It cause loss in the centre of the field of vision. It affects the retina layer at the back of eyeballs. The loss of cells cause blurred central vision. It may cause vision loss but not total blindness

Clinical Presentation- blurred vision

Risk Factors-. Having excess weight ,high blood pressure, smoking , family history of conduct.

Treatment-. Special combination of vitamin, minerals and surgery may also be an option.

CATARACT-. It cause decrease in vision due to loss of transparency of the lens in the eye as a result of tissues breakdown.

Treatment-. Glasses , cataract surgery .

Risk factors- Increase agev, diabetes , smoking.

Clinical Presentation- Blurry vision , seeing halos arranged lights.

Glaucoma- It shows slow vision loss,eyepain with nausea and visual disturbance.

Clinical Presentation - blurred vision , vision loss.

Risk Factors- High , myopia,use of corticos teroids.

Treatment-. Lowering eyepressure, laser treatment, oral mediations.

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY-. Damage to the blood vessels in the tissue at the back of eye.

Clinical Presentation - Dark areas of vision , difficulty perceiving colours.

Treatment- Laser treatment , Panretinal photos coagulation, impacting medicine into eye.

PLAN OF CARE NON -PHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTION-Psychologic support ,low vision rehabilitation to help people with vision problem ,To acquire skills and confidence to help them cope with visual loss that they are experiencing, Improve their well being.

PHARMOCOLOGIC INTERVENTION -. Anti -inflammatory drugs , enhanced lubricants surgeries topical medication., Surgeries

Teaching to family members and patient should be done as to what to expect during procedure to correct and eye problem.

- To communicate and providing various levels of support to the patients ,providing assistance with tasks of everyday living.

- Providing encouragement or comfort to the patients during difficult times.