Question

outline the classification and nomenclature for benign and malignant neoplasm using appropriate prefixes and suffixes indicating specific exceptions to the rules of nomenclature.

Answer 1

Classification of Tumors is based in their cellular tissue type and origin of the organ system.Generaly benign tumors indicate with a suffix "OMA" and prefix denote the cellular type of origin. Malignant tumors grow on the skin,glands, mucous membrane and embryonic growth are record with suffixes specific to the cellular type of origin.

Nomenclature of neoplasms:

• Adenoma:Benign neoplasm
• Carcinoma:It is malignant neoplasm that is derived from the epithelial cells
• Sarcoma:It is derived from the mesenchymal cells
• Melanoma:It is derived from the melanocytes
• Germ tumors:It is malignant neoplasm and derived from the germ cell.

Tumour nomenclature:

Epithelial:

Cell/tissue origin	Benign tumor	Malignant tumor
Squamous cell	Squamous papilloma	Squamous carcinoma
Basal	Basal cell papilloma	Basal cell carcinoma
Glandular	Adenoma,cystadenoma	Adenocarcinoma,Cystadenocarcinoma
Hepatic	Hepatocellular adenoma	Hepatocellular carcinoma
Renal	Renal cell adenoma	Renal cell carcinoma
Melanocyte	Nevus	Malignant melanoma
Transition	Transition cell papilloma	Transition cell carcinoma

Mesenchymal:

Cell/tissue origin	Benign tumor	Malignant tumor
Nerve sheath	Neurofibroma	Malignant nerve sheath tumor
Adipose	Lipoma	Liposarcoma
Smooth muscle	Leiomyoma	Leiomyosarcoma
Skeletal muscle	Rhabdomyoma	Rhabdomyosarcoma
Cartilage	Chondroma	Chondrosarcoma
Bone	Osteoma	Osteogenic sarcoma
Meningitis	Meningioma	Malignant meningioma
Fibrous tissue	Fibroma,Dermatofibroma	Fibrosarcoma,Dermato sarcoma

Embryonic

Cell/tissue origin	Benign tumor	Malignant tumor
Retin oblast		Retinoblastoma
Liver		Hepatoblastoma
Kidney		Nephroblastoma
Neuroblasts	Ganglioneuroma	Neuroblastoma

Hematopoetic

Cell/tissue origin	Benign tumor	Malignant tumor
Lymphatic tissue		Lymphoma
Plasma cell	Plasmacytoma	Myeloma

Germ cell:

Cell/tissue origin	Benign tumor	Malignant tumor
Testes		Seminoma,Teratoma
Ovaries	Cystadenoma/cystic teratoma	Cystadenocarcinoma/teratoma