You have a patient who is severely dehydrated and you need to rehydrate them intravenously. Which...

You have a patient who is severely dehydrated and you need to rehydrate them intravenously. Which of the following solutions do you choose and why? For each solution describe why or why not you would choose it.

Distilled H₂0

0.9% saline

5.0% saline

Expert Solution

0.9% saline( normal saline) is isotonic, meaning has the same concentration of sodium and other solutes as your body fluids.

Water is hypotonic , meaning concentration of dissolved solutes is less than that of your body fluid and cells.

Since water moves from an area of higher concentration ,an infusion of normal saline will not result in changes in fluids movement into or out of your blood stream and cells

Normal saline(0.9% saline) has an osmolality close to that of plasma. Any solution that has less salt will be hypo-osmolar. Rapid infusion of a hypo-osomolar solution can cause osmotically induced water shift into the cells, and this can lead to detrimental effects such as hemolysis. Addition of 5% dextrose ensures that the infused solution will have an osmolality equal to or higher than plasma regardless of the salt concentration.
A 5% dextrose solution provides at least some calories to a person who might have no other nutritional intake and will reduce catabolism.

The patient is with dehydration absolutely will have no energy so it is better to provide with 5% saline for both calories and dehydration

Sydney Mullin answered 2 years ago

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