Question

20. Which of the following occurs as a result of the neural tube defect?

a. Anencephaly

b. Holoprocencephaly

c. Microcephaly

d. Syringomyelia

e. Corpus callosum agenesis

21. Vascular disease involving the aorta, carotid and ophthalmic arteries in elderly patients, which of the following?

a. Wegener granulomatosis

b. Takayasu disease

c. Polyarteritis nodosa

d. Kawasaki disease

e. Giant cell arteritis

22. What is the inflammatory bowel disease characterized by the development of pseudopolyps with mucosal regeneration and the development of pseudopolyps in advanced cases and the presence of limited active colitis and ulceration, usually in the distal colon and progressing to the proximal?

a. Crohn

b. Tuberculosis

c. Amebiasis

d. Ulcerative colitis

e. Giardiasis

23. Which of the following is a lung disease characterized by abundant and foul-smelling purulent sputum, fever and cough caused by inflammation or abnormal dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles?

a. Emphysema

b. Asthma

c. Chronic bronchitis

d. Sarcoidosis

e. Bronchiectasis

24. What is the most common cause of intracerebral bleeding?

a. Aneurysm rupture

b. Trauma

c. Blood dyscrasias

d. Angioma

e. Hypertensive vascular disease

25. Which of the following is the disease that is characterized by osteolytic, then osteoclastic-osteoblastic, and finally osteoclerotic stage, in which slow virus infections are blamed for its etiology?

a. Paget's disease

b. Osteopetrosis

c. Osteoporosis

d. Osteogenesis imperfecta

e. Achondroplasia

Answer 1

20) Option ( a) is correct. ( Anencephaly)

Explaination:-

Neural tube defect is a birth defect of brain, spine or spinal cord in which an opening in the spine or cranium remains from early in human development.

In anencephaly, most of brain and skull do not develop.

Holoprosencephaly is a cephalic disorder in which the prosencephalon ( forebrain of the embryo) fails to develop into two hemispheres.

Microcephaly is a condition where the head ( circumstance) is smaller than normal.

Syringomyelia is a disorder in which a cyst or cavity forms within the spinal cord.

Corpus callosum agenesis is a rare disorder which is characterized by a partial or complete absence of an area of the brain that connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

21) Option ( e) is correct. ( Giant Cell arthritis)

Explaination :-

Giant Cell arthritis is an inflammatory disease of large blood vessels. It mainly affects arteries around head and neck. It is characterized by headache, pain in temples , flu like symptoms, double vision and difficult in opening mouth.The inflammation may also affect blood supply to the eye which leads to blurred vision or sudden blindness.

22) Option ( d) is correct. ( Ulcerative colitis)

Explaination :-

Pseudopolyps in ulcerative colitis are considered as indications of previous episodes of severe inflammation and ulceration of the mucosa. Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the large intestine is characterized by alternating periods of flares and remission. Pseudopolyps can be recognised on endoscopy during both periods of remission and flares.