Question

1. Primary adrenocortical deficiency, called Addison’s disease, is a degenerative disease of the adrenal cortex. With this in mind, explain the following manifestations of this disease.
   1. sodium loss in the urine and increased urine volume
   2. elevated plasma potassium
   3. low blood pressure
   4. fatigue

Answer 1

Ans: a. sodium loss in the urine and increased urine volume: An increase in the excretion of potassium, urea, and other solutes, besides sodium. After an abrupt increase in sodium intake, fluid intake is increased in the first few days, but urine volume does not change. The extra fluid drunk is responsible for an increase in body weight.

b. elevated plasma potassium: When eating too much food that is high in potassium can also cause hyperkalemia, especially in people with advanced kidney disease. Foods such as melons, orange juice, and bananas are high in potassium. Take certain drugs that prevent the kidneys from losing enough potassium. This can cause potassium levels to rise.

c.low blood pressure: This disorder causes blood pressure to drop after standing for long periods, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and fainting. This condition primarily affects young people and occurs because of a miscommunication between the heart and the brain.

d. fatigue: Fatigue is a term used to describe an overall feeling of tiredness or lack of energy. It isn’t the same as simply feeling drowsy or sleepy. When fatigued, it may no motivation and no energy. Being sleepy may be a symptom of fatigue, but it’s not the same thing.

They can be divided into three general categories:

• lifestyle factors
• physical health conditions
• mental health issues