Question

EXERCISE 2: TESTABLE OBSERVATIONS

Determine which of the observations below are testable. For those that are testable:

• Determine if the observation is qualitative or quantitative.

• Write a hypothesis and a null hypothesis.

• What would be your experimental approach?

• What are the dependent and independent variables?

• What are your controls - both positive and negative?

• How will you collect your data?

• How will you present your data (e.g., charts, graphs, types)?

• How will you analyze your data?

Observations

6. A plant grows 3 cm faster per day when placed on a window sill than it does when placed on a coffee table in the middle of the living room.

7. The bank teller with brown hair and brown eyes is taller than the other tellers.

8. When Sally eats healthy foods and exercises regularly, her blood pressure is 10 points lower than when she eats fatty foods and does not exercise.

9. The Italian restaurant across the street closes at 9 pm, but the restaurant two blocks away closes at 10 pm.

10. For the past two days, the clouds have come out at 3 pm, and it has started raining at 3:15 pm.

11. George did not sleep at all the night following the start of Daylight Savings Time.

Answer 1

Answer:

6) A plant grows 3 cm faster per day when placed on a window sill than it does when placed on a coffee table in the middle of the living room :

1	Testable	Yes
2	qualitative or quantitative	quantitative
3	Hypothesis	A plant will grow three inches faster per day when placed on a window sill (Plant under sunlight grows faster) than it does when placed on a on a coffee table in the middle of the living room (Plant under shade).
4	Null Hypothesis	The growth of the plant will be at the same rate whether placed on a window still or a coffee table in the middle of a room
5	Experimental approach	Will buy two identical plants of same age and will place one plant on window still and another plant on a coffee table in the middle of the room. Will water them with the equally.
6	Dependent Variables	The plant (We can measure the growth)
7	Independent Variables	Sunlight (We can’t control)
8	Positive control	The Plant which is growing faster on window sill
9	Negative Control	The Plant which is growing slower on a coffee table in the middle of the room
10	How will you collect your data	By measuring the Plant height
11	How will you present your data (charts, graphs, types)	Graph On X-axis we can represent Plant 1(which was kept on window sill), Plant 2 (Kept on a coffee table in the middle of the room), and On Y –axis the length of the plant grown. Analyze your results

7) The bank teller with brown hair and brown eyes is taller than the other tellers:

• Hypothesis- Both brown hair and brown eye coloration is directly related to above avergae height measures in humans.
• Null- Brown hair and brown eye color are unrelated to height measurements in humans.
• Experimental Approach- To measure many different individuals including those with brown hair and brown eyes. You would need a large sample population with a variety of people without brown hair or brown eyes as well as a good sized population of people with brown hair and brown eyes. All test subjects would need to be around the same age and both male and female samples should be present. Then you would measure height and take averages of groups without brown hair or brown eyes and compare to the brown hair, brown eye group.
• The dependent variable would be height measurements, the independent variables would be hair and eye color. The control for this test would all individuals being tested without brown hair or brown eyes.
• You would collect height measurements and create a line graph comparing the heights of people with brown hair and brown eyes to people with blonde hair and blue eyes and other hair/eye colors.
• You would analyze your data using the line graph to visually indicate the similarities or dissimilarities of the data. You would also do a statistical analysis for the p-value and if that value is greater than .05 or 5% you would fail to reject the null hypothesis as the chances of brown hair/brown eyed people of being taller are statistically probable.  

8) When Sally eats healthy foods and exercises regularly, her blood pressure is 10 points lower than when she eats fatty foods and does not exercise:

• Quantitative : WhenSally eats healthy foods and exercises regularly, her blood pressure is 10 points lower than when she does not exercise and eats fatty foods.
• hypothesis- If Sally eats healthy and exercises, her blood pressure will be 10 points lower than when she does not exercise and eats fatty foods.
• Null hypothesis-  If Sally eats healthy and exercises, her blood pressure will be the same as when she does not exercise and eats fatty foods.
• experiment- I will get her to eat healthily and exercise for a week, and take her blood pressure readings every day. The next week I would not make her exercise and make her eat fatty foods, and I'd take the readings of her blood pressure. Finally, I will make a comparison of the two readings.
• Dependent variable- Sally's blood pressure level
• Independent variable- exercise and eating healthy foods
• Negative control-  Sally not exercising and eating fatty foods
• Positive control- Sally exercising and eating healthy.
• Means of collection of data- take her blood pressure and recording it every day of the two-week study.
• Presentation of data-  by line graph comparison

9) The Italian restaurant across the street closes at 9 pm, but the restaurant two blocks away closes at 10 pm:

• The Italian restaurant across the street closes at 9 pm but the one-two blocks away close at 10 pm.- non-testable

10)For the past two days, the clouds have come out at 3 pm, and it has started raining at 3:15 pm:

• Hypothesis: When clods are formed, it takes 15 minutes to start raining.
• Null hypothesis: There is no relation between the timing of formation of clouds and raining.
• Experimental approach: A series of episodes of raining must be followed and the time of start of cloud formation and raining must be noted.
• Dependent variable: Number of minutes after which the raining starts from the time of cloud formation.
• Independent variable: Cloud formation.
• Control: Normal weather without clouds and rain.
• Data to be collected: The time of cloud appearance and the point of time of raining, and observe weather the difference is matching with the 15 mins or not.
• Data to be presented: Present the observed data in the form of graph.
• Interpretation of results: Of the different events, compare the timing of cloud appearance and start of rain, check whether it is 15 minutes or not. If the result does not match with the 15 minutes, accept the null hypothesis, if the result matches with the 15 minutes, we reject the null hypothesis.

11)George did not sleep at all the night following the start of Daylight Savings Time:

• Testable: Is the property of being able to be tested.Here the testable is the george abled to sleep or not.
• Hypothesis: The proposed possibility out of the limited knowledge available to get started further analysis in any subject of interest.
• The george didn't sleep over night fallowing his start of daylight savings.
• Null hypothesis: George slept over night fallowing the start of daylight savings
• Experimental approach: The experiment set up for throughout the night hour by hour to record his state of sleep.
• Dependent variable: The sleep patterns of concerned person in the present study is the dependent variable
• Independent variable: The time running is independent variable
• Control: The sleeping pattern of george on the day other then the experiment is considered as control

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