Question

See the multiple-choice question below, which deals with how to treat a grant from an employer that pays for tuition. I do not ask you to answer the multiple-choice question. The correct answer is C.

Required: Rank the four answers from most attractive to the taxpayer to least attractive to the taxpayer, ignoring the fact that the correct answer is C. No partial credit. Half credit for no explanation or inadequate explanation.

	Copy and paste entire letter answer from multiple-choice question below	Explanation why this answer is most/least attractive or somewhere in between
Most attractive
2nd most
2nd least
Least attractive

Additional comments (you can earn maximum points if comment is insightful above and beyond the requirements):

[3] Bill Walden received a $2,100 grant from his employer and, as required by his employer, used all of the money for tuition and fees to take three graduate-school courses during the period September 1 to December 31 of the current year. Walden is not a candidate for a degree and has never received a scholarship or fellowship grant before. He had previously met the minimum educational requirements for his employment position; however, due to new requirements established by his employer, these courses were necessary for him to retain his job. In computing his current-year taxable income, Walden should include A. Gross income of $2,100 and an education expense deduction of $2,100. B. Gross income of $2,100 and no education expense deduction. C. No gross income and no education expense deduction. D. Gross income of $0 and an education expense of $2,100. The correct answer is C. A. The grant is excludable and nondeductible. B. The education grant is excludable. C. The grant is excludable from income under the employer educational assistance program. The educational assistance plan must be nondiscriminatory, and the benefits cannot exceed $5,250 for the tax year. Graduate-level courses are eligible for the exclusion. D. The $2,100 payment is nondeductible.

Answer 1

To solve this question just input those variables which are to be used in logistic regression, as the question talks about using two variables only that is total loans and leases to total assets & total expenses/ total assets, so we will not input total cap/assets as an input variable in our excel, here we go

As one can see, we have taken only two variables , total exp/assets and total lns & leases/ assets in calculation, follwing steps have been followed to construct the above table

1. Assume logit= b0+ b1* independent variable1+ b2* independent variable 2 , take values of b0=0.1, b1=0.1, b2=0.1, note that these values of b0, b1 and b2 are just taken for calculation, one could assume any values here for bo , b1 and b2

2. Calculate exponential of logit in the next column by using exp (value in previous column)

3. Calculate probability by using formula, probability= exp (logit)/ { 1+ exp(logit)} in the next column

4. In next column, calculate log likelihood by using formula : financial condition value (i.e. 1 or 0) * LN( probability calculated in previous column) + (1- financial condition value)* LN( 1- probability calculated in previous column)

5. take the total of the column values of log likelihood

6. use solver function in excel to change this total by putting max value of 0 and changing the variable cells containing assumed values of b0, b1 and b2 , by clicking on solve, you will get actual values of b0, b1 and b2

which comes out to be b0=-14.72, b1=89.83, b2= 8.37

therefore you will get logit as

-14.72+ 89.83* Total exp/assets+8.37*Total lns & lsses/ assets

With values given in the question as total exp/ assets= 0.11 and total loans & leases/ assets= 0.6 , we get

logit as -14.72+ 89.83* 0.11+ 8.37*0.6= 0.1833

exp (logit) = 1.20

Probability= 0.546

Loglikelihood= 1*LN(0.546)+0*LN(1-0.546)= LN(0.546)= -0.605