Question

Question 1

Discuss breast self-exam for female patient and

one usual abnormal finding

Question 2

Discuss the assessment techniques of breath sounds in an infant and include one usual abnormal finding

Question 3

Discuss the assessment techniques of the peripheral vascular system and include one usual abnormal finding

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Answer 1

Question 1

Answer: Breast self-examination helps to identify self for any abnormal or lump formation inside the breast through palpation. The steps of the self-breast examination are the patient should stand in front of the mirror without a shirt and clasps the hands behind the head. Next place the hands on the hips by pulling the shoulder, forward elbow, and observe the breast for any abnormal structure. Then place the left hand behind the head and palpate the breast in a circular motion from armpit toward nipple by using another hand and vise versa to check for any palpable lump. Squeeze the nipple and see for any abnormal discharge. Next, change the position to lying down, place the hand behind the head, and do the palpation is the circular motion from armpit toward the nipple and do the same for another side. One abnormal finding is lump while palpating.

Question 2

Answer: the assessment of breath sound can be done by using a stethoscope. The stethoscope should keep in the chest and examine for any abnormal sound through the stethoscope. One abnormal sound is crackle sound.

Question 3

Answer: peripheral vascular system is an examination of lower legs for any peripheral vascular abnormalities.

The examination includes positioning the patient in a lying position with hands-on sides, the legs should be exposed. Inspect for any abnormal features like edema, erythema, ulcers, visible distended veins. Palpation of any pitting edema, temperature, and capillary refill. Auscultate the femoral artery bruits. Use special maneuvers includes ankle-brachial pressure index, venous refilled, Buerger test, etc. The unusual finding is a varicose vein characterized by visible enlargement and twisted the superficial vein.