In: Accounting
Do all the Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4
The cash budget is the primary tool used in short-term financial planning. As with many calculations, the sales forecast is a primary input. As an example of the cash budgeting process, we will use the Fun Toys Corporation. The sales projections and other information provided are: | ||||||||||
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||||||
Sales | $ 200,000,000 | $ 300,000,000 | $ 250,000,000 | $ 400,000,000 | ||||||
Beginning receivables: | $ 120,000,000 | |||||||||
Receivables period (days): | 45 | |||||||||
With the receivables period shown, we can calculate the percentage of sales collected in the current quarter as: | ||||||||||
Percentage of sales received: | ||||||||||
With these projection, we can summarize Fun Toys' projected cash collection as: | ||||||||||
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||||||
Beginning receivables | ||||||||||
Sales | ||||||||||
Cash collections | ||||||||||
Ending receivables | ||||||||||
Next, we need to consider cash disbursements. The cash disbursements will be in the form of payment of accounts payable, wages, taxes, and other expenses, capital expenditures, and long-term financing expenses. We have the following information concerning these disbursements: | ||||||||||
Purchases in previous quarter: | 60% | |||||||||
Payables period (days): | 90 | |||||||||
Wages, taxes, and other: | 20% | |||||||||
Interest and dividends: | $ 20,000,000 | |||||||||
Capital expenditure (Q2) | $ 100,000,000 | |||||||||
With the payables period shown, we can calculate the payments for the purchases made in the current quarter as: | ||||||||||
Purchases paid in the current quarter: | ||||||||||
Purchases paid in the next quarter: | ||||||||||
So, the cash disbursement projections are: | ||||||||||
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||||||
Payment of accounts | ||||||||||
Wages, taxes, and other | ||||||||||
Capital expenditures | ||||||||||
Interest and dividends | ||||||||||
Total cash disbursements | ||||||||||
The total cash inflows for Fun Toys is projected to be: | ||||||||||
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||||||
Total cash collections | ||||||||||
Total cash disbursements | ||||||||||
Net cash inflow | ||||||||||
To calculate the cash balance each quarter for Fun Toys, we need to know the beginning cash balance and minimum cash balance, which are: | ||||||||||
Beginning cash balance: | $ 20,000,000 | |||||||||
Minimum cash balance: | $ 10,000,000 | |||||||||
Finally, we can calculate the cash balance each quarter for Fun Toys, which is: | ||||||||||
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||||||
Beginning cash balance | ||||||||||
Net cash inflow | ||||||||||
Ending cash balance | ||||||||||
Minimum cash balance | ||||||||||
Cumulative surplus (deficit) |
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
Sales | $ 200,000,000.00 | $ 300,000,000.00 | $ 250,000,000.00 | $ 400,000,000.00 |
Beginning receivables: | $ 120,000,000.00 | |||
Receivables period (days): | 45 | |||
With the receivables period shown, we can calculate the percentage of sales collected in the current quarter as: | ||||
A 45-day collection period means sales collections each quarter are: | ||||
Collections = 1/2 current sales + 1/2 old sales | ||||
Current | Next Quarter | |||
Percentage of sales received: | 50% | 50% | ||
With these projection, we can summarize Fun Toys' projected cash collection as: | ||||
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
Beginning receivables | $ 120,000,000.00 | $ 100,000,000.00 | $ 150,000,000.00 | $ 125,000,000.00 |
Sales | $ 100,000,000.00 | $ 150,000,000.00 | $ 125,000,000.00 | $ 200,000,000.00 |
Cash collections | $ 220,000,000.00 | $ 250,000,000.00 | $ 275,000,000.00 | $ 325,000,000.00 |
Ending receivables | $ 200,000,000.00 | |||
Next, we need to consider cash disbursements. The cash disbursements will be in the form of payment of accounts payable, wages, taxes, and other expenses, capital expenditures, and long-term financing expenses. We have the following information concerning these disbursements: | ||||
Purchases in previous quarter: | 60% | |||
Payables period (days): | 90 | |||
Wages, taxes, and other: | 20% | |||
Interest and dividends: | $ 20,000,000.00 | |||
Capital expenditure (Q2) | $ 100,000,000.00 | |||
With the payables period shown, we can calculate the payments for the purchases made in the current quarter as: | ||||
Purchases paid in the current quarter: | 0% | |||
Purchases paid in the next quarter: | 100% | |||
So, the cash disbursement projections are: | ||||
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
Payment of accounts | $ 120,000,000.00 | $ 180,000,000.00 | $ 150,000,000.00 | $ 240,000,000.00 |
Wages, taxes, and other | $ 40,000,000.00 | $ 60,000,000.00 | $ 50,000,000.00 | $ 80,000,000.00 |
Capital expenditures | $ 100,000,000.00 | |||
Interest and dividends | $ 20,000,000.00 | $ 20,000,000.00 | $ 20,000,000.00 | $ 20,000,000.00 |
Total cash disbursements | $ 180,000,000.00 | $ 360,000,000.00 | $ 220,000,000.00 | $ 340,000,000.00 |
The total cash inflows for Fun Toys is projected to be: | ||||
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
Total cash collections | $ 220,000,000.00 | $ 250,000,000.00 | $ 275,000,000.00 | $ 325,000,000.00 |
Total cash disbursements | $ 180,000,000.00 | $ 360,000,000.00 | $ 220,000,000.00 | $ 340,000,000.00 |
Net cash inflow | $ 40,000,000.00 | $ (110,000,000.00) | $ 55,000,000.00 | $ (15,000,000.00) |
To calculate the cash balance each quarter for Fun Toys, we need to know the beginning cash balance and minimum cash balance, which are: | ||||
Beginning cash balance: | $ 20,000,000.00 | |||
Minimum cash balance: | $ 10,000,000.00 | |||
Finally, we can calculate the cash balance each quarter for Fun Toys, which is: | ||||
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
Beginning cash balance | $ 20,000,000.00 | $ 60,000,000.00 | $ (50,000,000.00) | $ 5,000,000.00 |
Net cash inflow | $ 40,000,000.00 | $ (110,000,000.00) | $ 55,000,000.00 | $ (15,000,000.00) |
Ending cash balance | $ 60,000,000.00 | $ (50,000,000.00) | $ 5,000,000.00 | $ (10,000,000.00) |
Minimum cash balance | $ (10,000,000.00) | $ (10,000,000.00) | $ (10,000,000.00) | $ (10,000,000.00) |
Cumulative surplus (deficit) | $ 50,000,000.00 | $ (60,000,000.00) | $ (5,000,000.00) | $ (20,000,000.00) |