Question

answer these multiple choice questions please.

2. Mutations that have very large effects on fitness are almost always:

a. advantageous b. neutral c. disadvantageous

3. Which process can result in adaptation?

a. mutation b. drift c. gene flow d. selection

4. The proportion of phenotypic variance attributable to additive genetic variance is:

a. selection differential b. selection gradient c. heritability d. response to selection

5. The change in mean trait value from one generation to the next is:

a. selection differential b. selection gradient c. heritability d. response to selection

Answer 1

2.
a. Advantageous

A harmful, or deleterious, mutation decreases the fitness of the organism. A beneficial, or advantageous mutation increases the fitness of the organism. A neutral mutation has no harmful or beneficial effect on the organism. Such mutations occur at a steady rate,

3

.d. Selection

Adaptation, is the process by which a species becomes fitted to its environment; it is the result of natural selection's acting upon heritable variation over several generations.

4. c. Heritability

Selection differential (S) is the difference between the mean of the parents selected to produce the next generation and the mean of all individuals in the population. Selection gradient describes the relationship between a character trait and a species’ relative fitness. Heritability is formally defined as the proportion of phenotypic variation (VP) that is due to variation in genetic values (VG). Response to selection (R) is the change in the mean phenotype after selection. The response to selection depends of the heritability of the trait:

5.d. Response to selection

Selection differential (S) is the difference between the mean of the parents selected to produce the next generation and the mean of all individuals in the population. Selection gradient describes the relationship between a character trait and a species’ relative fitness. Heritability is formally defined as the proportion of phenotypic variation (VP) that is due to variation in genetic values (VG). Response to selection (R) is the change in the mean phenotype after selection. The response to selection depends of the heritability of the trait.