Question

Discuss the disorders and their possible treatments associated with the reduction of platelets. 10 marks

Answer 1

Thrombocytopenia

* It is the reduction in the platelet count below the normal lower limit. The lower limit is usually defined as 150 x 10⁹/L

*CAUSES - reduction in platelet production, a reduction in platelet survival, and dilution of platelet numbers. The risk conditions are age, comorbidity, the need for anticoagulation, risk of trauma. These are also the special considerations that should be made while treating should also include managing people with thrombocytopenia .

IMMUNE MEDIATED THROMBOCYTOPENICPURPURA

It is a condition in which the development of antibodies against platelets is developed. This antibodies attack the normal cells as well s the platelet cells and thus it results in low platelet count levels in patients. The condition may lead to a disorder described as immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.

GESTATIONAL THROMPOCYTOPENIA

In pregnancy period 5% wemen will have the thrombocytopenic cndition. this might be resulted by the causes of : conditions that causes thrombocytopenia associated with pregnancy like eclampsia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, HIV inection , thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura etc...

DILUTIONAL THROMBOCYTOPENIA

This is the commoncondition in which the cause of thrombocytopenia in patients is the lost of blood in a large amount. Thismight also occures when the aggressive application of intravenous transfusion is done and thus it results inn the platelet count to fall.

DRUG INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA

This is a condition in which the usaage of some drugs results in the thrombocytopenia.This miight be due to the slower elimination of drug from the body.Some coomonly used drugs that cause thrombocytopenia are acetaminophen, ibuprufen, carbamacepin, quinine, quinidine, heparin etc...

HYPERSPLENISM

it is a condition in which the thrombocytopenia is resulted due to the retention of platelets. detention or the diagnosis of the condition can be made by the identiofication of splenomegaly.

DISEASE NINDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA

*dengue fever

*HIV in inection

* hemolytic uremic syndrome

THROBOTIC THROMBOCTOPENIC PURPURA

It is caused by the deficiency of an enzyme that cleaves von Willebrand factor. It can also be a result of a destruction of the enzyme by the antibodies.