Question

1. Find a research study that uses a patient self-reported measurement outcomes tool. Describe the tool that was used and what it is supposed to measure.

2. Why are the researchers measuring this information?

3. How do the researchers ensure the validity of this tool?

Answer 1

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IS THE PROCESS OF COLLECTING AND ANALYZING NUMERICAL DATA.

IT CAN BE USED TO FIND PATTERNS AND AVERAGES,MAKE PREDICTIONS,TEST CASUAL RELATIONSHIPS,AND GENERALIZE RESULTS TO WIDER POPULATIONS.

IN NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MAY BE IN OTHER FIELDS ,QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IS THE SYSTEMATIC EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF OBSERVABLE PHENOMENA VIA STATISTICAL,MATHEMATICAL OR COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH COLLECTS INFORMATION FROM EXISTING AND POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS USING SAMPLING METHODS AND SENDING OUT ONLINE SURVEYS ,ONLINE POLLS ,QUESTIONNAIRES. THE RESULTS OF WHICH CAN BE DEPICTED IN THE FORM OF NUMERICAL .AFTERVCAREFUL UNDERSTANDING OF THESE NUMBERS TO PREDICT THE FUTURE OF A PRODUCT OR SERVICE AND MAKE CHANGES ACCORDIGLY.

FOR EXAMPLE=SURVEY CONDUCTED TO UNDERSTAND THE AMOUNT OF TIME A DOCTOR TAKES TO TEND TO A PATIENT WALKS INTO THE HOSPITAL .A PATIENT SATISFACTION SURVEY TEMPLATE CAN BE ADMINISTERED TO ASK QUESTIONS LIKE;

HOW MUCH TIME DID A DOCTOR TAKES TO SEE A PATIENT,

HOW OFTEN DOES A PATIENT WALKS INTO A HOSPITAL ,AND OTHER SUCH QUESTIONS.

2.IF ANY ORGANIZATION WOULD LIKE TO CONDUCT A CUSTOMER SATISFACTION SURVEY ,SURVEY TEMPLATES CAN BE USED.THROUGH THIS SURVEY ,AN ORGANIZATION CAN COLLECT QUANTITATIVE DATA AND METRICS ON THE GOODWILL OF THE BRAND OR ORGANIZATION IN THE MIND OF THE CUSTOMER BASED ON MULTIPLE PARAMETERS SUCH AS PRODUCT QUALITY,PRICING,EXPERIENCE ETC.THIS DATA CAN BE COLLECTED BY ASKING A NET PROMOTOR SCORE QUESTION,MATRIX TABLE QUESTIONS,THAT PROVIDE DATA IN THE FORM OF NUMBERS THAT CAN BE ANALYSED AND WORKED UPON.

=QUANTITATIVE OUTCOME RESEARCH IS MOSTLY CONDUCTED IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES USING THE STATISTICAL METHODS USED ABOVE TO COLLECT QUANTITATIVE DATA FROM THE RESEARCH STUDY.

IN THIS RESEARCH METHOD ,RESEARCHERS AND SATISTICIANS DEPLOY MATHEMATICAL FRAMEWORKS AND THEORIES THAT PERTAIN TO THE QUANTITY UNDER QUESTION.

BY CONDUCTING SURVEY RESEARCH ,AN ORGANIZATION CAN ASK MULTIPLE SURVEY QUESTIONS,COLLECT DATA FROM A POOL OF CUSTOMERS ,AND ANALYSE THIS COLLECTED DATA TO PRODUCE NUMERICAL RESULTS.

TOOLS THAT WAS USED;

THE RESEARCH CAN BE CONDUCTED WITH A SPECIFIC TARGET AUDIENCE GROUP AND ALSO CAN BE ACROSS MULTIPLE GROUPS ALONG WITH COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS.

A PREREQUISITE FOR THIS TYPE OF RESEARCH IS THAT THE SAMPLE OF RESPONDENT MUST HAVE RANDOMLY SELECTED MEMBERS.THIS WAY,A RESEARCHERS CAN EASILY MAINTAIN THE ACCURACY OF THE OBTAINED RESULTS WILL BE ADDRESSED USING RANDOM SELECTION.

TRADITIONALLY ,SURVEY RESEARCH WAS CONDUCTED FACE-TO- FACE OR VIA PHONE CALLS BUT WITH THE PROGRESS MADE BY ONLINE MEDIUMS SUCH AS EMAIL OR SOCIAL MEDIA .SURVEY RESEARCH HAS SPREAD TO ONLINE MEDIUM AS WELL

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF SURVEYS ,EITHER OF WHICH CAN BE CHOSEN BASED ON THE TIME IN HAND AND KIND OF DATA REQUIRED.

1.CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEYS

2.LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS

CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY ARE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEYS CONDUCTED IN SITUATIONS WHERE THE RESEARCHER INTENDS TO COLLECT DATA FROM A SAMPLE OF THE TARGET POULATION AT A GIVEN POINT OF TIME.

LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS ARE ALSO OBSERVATIONAL SURVEYS BUT,UNLIKE CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEYS,LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS ARE CONDUCTED ACROSS VARIOUS TIME DURATIONS TO OBSERVE A CHANGE IN RESPONDENT BEHAVIOUR AND THOUGHT PROCESS.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH TEMPLATES ARE OBJECTIVE ,ELABORATE AND MANY TIMES ,EVEN INVESTIGATIONAL.

SOME DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERSITICS OF RESEARCH:

=STRUECTURED TOOL

STRUCTURED TOOLS SUCH AS SURVEYS ,POLLS OR QUESTIONNAIRES ARE USED TO GATHER QUANTITATIVE DATA

=SAMPLE SIZE:

QUANTITATIVE RESEACH IS CONDUCTED ON A SIGNIFICANT SAMPLE SIZE THAT REPESENTS THE TARGET MARKET

=CLOSED-ENDED QUESTIONS

THAT ARE CREATEDPER THE OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH

=PRIOR STUDIES

VARIOUS FACTORS RELATED TO THE RESEARCH TOPIC ARE STUDIED BEFORE COLLECTING FEEDBACK FROM RESPONDENT

=QUANTITATIVE DATA

THAT IS REPRESENTED BY TABLES,CHARTS,GRAPHS OR ANY OTHER NUMERICAL FORMS MAKES IT EASY TO UNDERSTAND THE DATA BEEN COLLECTED

=GENERALIZATION OF RESULTS

RESULTS OF THIS RESEARCH METHOD CAN BE GENERALIZED TO AN ENTIRE POPULATION TO TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTONS FOR IMPROVEMENT

THE RESEARCH MEASURE THIS INFOMATION BECAUSE,MARKET AND CUSTOMER RESEARCH IS AT THE HEART OF EVERY BUSINESS .ORGANIZATIONS NEED TO UNDERSTAND THEIR MARKET BETTER TO SERVE CUSTOMES EFFICIENTLY WHILE MAKING PROFIT.

CUSTOMERS BEHAVIOUR MUST BE TRACKED THROUGH MODERN RESEARCH TECHNIQUES.GATHER RESEACH INSIGHTS SURVEY PLATFORM PROVIDES RESEARCHERS A COMPREHENSIVE,YET SIMPLE TO UNDERSTAND AND EASY TO USE SURVEY SOLUTION AND REPORTING PLATFORM.

FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENTS THE RESEARCHERS DOING THE SURVEYS.

ENSURE THE VALIDITY

THE SHORT COURSE IN RESEARCH METHODS WILL EXAMINE VARIOUS THREATS TO VALIDITY THAT EXIST AT EACH STAGE OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS.VALIDITY REFERS TO WHEATHER A STUDY IS WELL-DESIGNED AND PROVIDES RESULTS THAT ARE APPROPRIATE TO GENERALIZE TO THE POPULATON OF INTEREST

THREE MAIN TYPES OF VALIDITIES ARE;

1.INTERNAL VALIDITY

2.CONSTRUCT VALIDITY

3.EXTERNAL VALIDITY

INTERNAL VALIDITY APPLIES IN STUDIES THAT SEEK TO ESTABLISH A CAUSAL RELATONSHIP BETWEEN 2 VARIABLES AND REFERS TO THE DEGREE TO WHICH A STUDY CAN MAKE GOOD INTERENCES ABOUT THIS CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP.

CONSTRUCT VALIDITY IS CONCERNED WITH GENERALIZING FROM THE SPECIALITIES OF A STUDY TO THE BOARDER CONCEPT THAT THE STUDY ATTEMPTS TO MEASURE OR DRAWS CONCLUSIONS.

EXTERNAL VALIDITY INVOLVES THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE CONCLUSION CAN BE GENERALIZED TO THE BOARDER POPULATION.

AS A RESEARCHER,IT IS IMPORTANT TO KEEP THE CONCEPT OF VALIDITY IN MIND AT ALL TIMES WHEN DESIGNING A STUDY.