Question

School A would like to get more high school students to ride the school bus rather than driving to school each day to reduce traffic congestion around the school. To try to encourage more students to ride the bus, the school decides to raise the daily rate for parking in the school parking lot.

1. Design and describe a study that uses an interrupted time series design to provide evidence as to whether the parking rate increase led to an increase in daily school bus ridership. What evidence would support the idea that the parking rate increase in the School A caused an increase in school bus ridership?

2. Suppose you conclude that school bus ridership increased when the parking rate increased. Identify and describe an example of a threat to internal validity that exists that would limit your ability to attribute the increased ridership to the increase in the parking rate.

3. Describe how you could change the study to utilize a control series design to answer the same question about the relationship between the parking rate increase and school bus ridership. If a study were conducted using a control series design, what results would support the idea that the parking rate increase in the School A (rather than some other factor) caused an increase in school bus ridership?

Answer 1

Answer:

• The interrupted time series design would in such a way that first the school over a period of few months would measure the incoming cars and parking space occupied by students. Then the interruption will happen (the intervention of raising the parking fare). Then over the course of the consequent few months, the number of cars in the parking lot will again be measured. This will then be compared with the before intervention data to see if there was a considerable difference or drop down in the number of student cars in the parking lot.
• One component that could threaten the interval validity of the experiment would be the change in the participant behavior over time, that is change in their financial conditions or the like. Also, as the group is from a particular school it could also depend on whether the school has a majority of affluent background students (the available resources to the group). That would impact the results too which wouldn't necessarily be affected by the fare increase.
• A control series design would be beneficial in answering the same question as it would help segregate and focus on the cause by juxtaposing the control group with the group that isn't going through the intervention and the activity of the specific control group could be measured against the non intervention group that could provide a lot of information on whether the fare was responsible for the change in behavior or not.

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