Question

In a certain high school, uniforms are optional. A study shows that high school students who wear uniforms have a lower grade average than students who don't wear uniforms. From this study, the school administration claims that they should not require the students to wear uniforms because that is the cause of the lowering grades. Another possible explanation is that students who wear uniforms are poorer than the students who don't wear uniforms and the economic situation of their parents is causing the lower grades.

a) What is the explanatory variable in this study?
economic situation
poorer grades.
wearing a uniform.

b) What is the response variable in this study?
economic situation
wearing a uniform.
poorer grades.

c) What is the lurking variable in this study?
poorer grades.
wearing a uniform.
economic situation

d) Draw a diagram that explains your answers. (Possible diagrams are causation, common response, or confounding). Be sure to label all variables in the diagram

Answer 1

Hello,

a) What is the explanatory variable in this study?
economic situation
poorer grades.
wearing a uniform.

ANS: explanatory variable means the independent variables(x) in this study. So here wearing a uniform is the independent variable.

b) What is the response variable in this study?
economic situation
wearing a uniform.
poorer grades.

Ans: Response variable means the dependent variable in the study. In the above example we are response is the poorer grades.

c) What is the lurking variable in this study?
poorer grades.
wearing a uniform.
economic situation:

A lurking variable is a variable that is unknown and not controlled for; It has an important, significant effect on the variables of interest. They are extraneous variables, but may make the relationship between dependent variables and independent variables seem other than it actually is. In other words, the variables will cause your results to be biased. In addition, any correlation or regression analysis you perform will be misleading. How misleading these analyses are will depend on how severely the lurking variables affect the dependent variable.

in simple form the lurking variable impact on the both the dependent and independent variable.

So here economic situation lurking variable.

d) Draw a diagram that explains your answers. (Possible diagrams are causation, common response, or confounding). Be sure to label all variables in the diagram