Question

Q1 which cations/anions are released when plants take up ammonium or nitrate. And explain why in legumes, cation uptake is greater than anion uptake?(100 words)

Q2 Describe how drought influences root growth and nutrient uptake. (>100 words)

Q3 Describe how flooding influences root growth and nutrient uptake. (>100 words)

Answer 1

SOLUTION 2-increase in drought in global climate change will surely decrease plant growth thereby decrease in food production as we know that plants are the main source of food for humans so increases in the drought will increase human hunger, for plants drought is one of the most common environmental stress and it negatively impacts their growth development and reproduction too, the impact of a drought depends upon its intensity and duration decrease in growth is the most obvious plants response to water stress which results from decreases in water uptake by roots leading to a decrease in leaf explanation and refused stomatal conductance causing a decrease in c assimilation via photosynthesis, in general, it is seen that drought during flowering and grain filling stages has a most marked effect in terms of yield loss.

SOLUTION 3- flooding cause yield loss in agriculture because root acquires nutrients, water and synthesize organic acid and amino acid and also plant hormones root development is closely related to aboveground development flood damage both root and soot growth it affects root growth first for example in soybean flooding reduced root dry before it reduces shoot, therefore, maintaining root development is crucial for favorable plant growth under flooding internal oxygen transport from air to root is important for root survival and for function flooded plants often suffer hypoxia because oxygen moves much slower in water than in the air and dissolved oxygen quickly depleted the oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution decreased by about 80 percent within 24 hours after transfer of wheat seedlings into the solution under prolonged flooding.

SOLUTION 1- plant nutrients exist in soil as either anion or cation most molecules in the natural system has a positive or negative charge and it is this charge differences that help drive chemical reaction to keep us all alive that's important anions are those elements or molecules that in their natural state have a negative charge cation are those that in their natural state have a positive charge. every nitrate ion refused to ammonia produces one OH- ion to maintain a ph balance the plant must either excrete it into the surrounding medium or neutralize it with organic acids, this results in the medium around the plants root becoming alkaline when they take up nitrate

the excess cation is greater in legume this is because the amino acid synthesize is more intense and the carboxylic group of these amino acids must be neutralized