In: Nursing
Glucose metabolism starts with the immediate digestion of carbohydrate in the small intestine where it is absorbed in the form of the monosaccharides into the blood stream.
Higher and lower levels of the glucose in the blood are known as hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia respectively. Higher blood sugar level may cause the diabetic conditions.
Blood sugar concentrations are controlled by the hormones insulin and glucagon. If the concentration of glucose in the blood becomes high, insulin is secreted by the pancreas, resulting in the transfer of glucose into the cells of liver and muscle
In the liver and muscles the glucose is changed into glycogen by the process of glycogenesis( i.e anabolism). Furthermore this stored glycogen is utilized when glucose levels are low especially in the condition of fasting or the starvation. Then this process is known as glycogenolysis (i.e. catabolism).
If there is immediate need of the energy in the cells glucose begins the metabolic process known as glycoysis (catabolism). Then the end products of glycolysis are pyruvic acid and ATP. This is also known as the citric acid cycle, Kelvin cycle or C3 cycle of the glucose metabolism