Question

Q1. Implementation of solar power in different applications is becoming popular and many opportunities are available for industries and other commercial establishments to adopt this technology. Impressed by this technology, a star hotel located in a remote beach of Oman is willing to use solar PV technologies for meeting 25 percentage of its daily average power requirement. It is also ready to have a battery backup system to store the entire energy obtained from solar panels. The balance power will be taken from the grid. The solar radiation may be assumed as 400 W/m2 for the region. The loads and their average working hours per day are given below.
Lights : 5 kW, 12 hours
Air conditioning systems : 4 numbers, each 30 kW, 12 hours
Refrigerator : 60 numbers, each 350 W, 10 hours
Cold Room : 12 kW, 24 hours
Kitchen equipment : 15 kW, 9 hours
Laundry equipment : 10 kW, 4 hours
Cleaning equipment : 2000 W, 8 hours
Lifts : 4 kW, 3 numbers, 5 hours
Swimming poor equipment : 6 kW, 4 hours
Water pumps : 3000 W, 2 numbers, 4 hours Fans and blowers : 4 kW, 6 hours

Based on the available data you are asked to analyze the situation and prepare a write-up to implement the PV technology for the specific application. The write-up is expected with various features like the plan for the suitable energy conversion system with all equipment, controls, storage and distribution system, a schematic diagram of the entire plan, provisions included to manage the power with the gird power, impacts of losses in various components, effective conversion of DC and AC power, specification of the battery storage system etc. Appropriate discussion is also expected to address the challenges involved in the implementation of this proposal and your valid suggestions to overcome those risks.   

Answer 1

#Following these steps will ensure the desired workflow systems.

1.Gatherinf of solar power components
*Start gathering the basic ingredients of a solar power unit.
*Major items includes – solar panels, charge controller, inverter, and a battery pack and a breaker, meter, MC4 connector, and fuses

2.Calculating the power load
*The estimated power load stsnds out to be 2281 Kwh as per the available data

3.Battery Selection and backup

*A lead-acid or a lithium-ion battery will be optimum at its use.
*It can provide steady supply of energy and a power controller to enusre battery’s charging and discharging rates.

4. Setting up the inverter

*Solar arrays produce electricity in direct current (DC), but electrical appliances use power in the form of alternating current (AC).
*Inverters come in varying power wattages and types including square wave, modified sine-wave, and pure sine-wave inverters.
*Square waves are not compatible for all devices.
*This makes a pure sine wave inverter the best choice for your solar system.

5. Fix the solar panels on your roof
6. Connect the solar panels with battery
7. Setup stands for inverter and battery

*Connect the solar panels with the battery.
* In certain PV systems, come paired together,
* In cases that are not given as a single unit, you need to make series and parallel connections.

Photovoltaic or PV system works by utilizing the available power of the sun and transforming it from DC to AC power.

The current solar-grid integration technologies are identified, benefits of solar-grid integration are highlighted, solar system characteristics for integration and the effects and challenges of integration are discussed.

The implementation of solar-grid integration in new projects without repeating obvious challenges encountered in existing projects, and provide data for researchers and scientists on the viability of solar-grid integration.