Question

1. A nurse researcher conducts a study about the lived experience of ICU nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is best aligned with which paradigm?

A. Pragmatic

B. Critical

C. Constructivist

D. Positivist

2. A nurse researcher wants to test if their newly developed biofeedback intervention is an effective method to lower blood pressure among adult patients with stage 1 hypertension. Which method would be used to answer this question?

A. Quantitative design research

B. Quality improvement project

C. Evidence-based practice project

D. Qualitative design research

3. Which of these purposes of research can ONLY be explained through a quantitative design?

A. Explanation

B. Description

C. Exploration

D. Prediction and control.

4. Which of these sources of evidence is the most reliable according to the hierarchy of evidence?

A. Expert opinion

B. Case report

C. Single non-randomized trial

D. Single cross-sectional study

5. Which of these is NOT routinely considered a component of evidence-based practice?

A. Empirical evidence

B. Context

C. Patient preferences

D. Tradition.

6. A nurse manager wants to reduce operating costs by decreasing the amount of supplies wasted by staff. Which approach would best address this problem?

A. Quality improvement

B. Quantitative design research

C. Qualitative design research

D. Evidence-based practice.

7. Which of these attributes is associated with qualitative design research?

A. Numeric data

B. Control over context

C. Results in generalizations

D. Humans as instruments Reset.

8. A nurse writes the following PICO(T) question: "Among hospitalized adults with stage 2 pressure injuries, does daily physical therapy compared to the standard activity protocol improve wound healing?". Which of these statements BEST describes this PICO(T) question?

A. All essential elements are present.

B. No population is identified.

C. No outcome is identified.

D. No comparison is identified.

9. A nurse writes the following PICO(T) question: "Among older adults with heart failure, do weekly RN home visits compared to no home visits improve care?" What is the problem with this PICOT question?

A. The outcome criteria is not specific

B. No population is identified.

C. A comparison is not identified.

D. There is not an intervention.

Answer 1

1. A nurse researcher conducts a study about the lived experience of ICU nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is best aligned with which paradigm?

A. Pragmatic

B. Critical

C. Constructivist

D. Positivist

Answer is C. constructivist; this is a philosophy where knowledge is based on their own experiences.

A. Pragmatic; practical approach rather than theory

B. Critical; expressing disapproving comments / judgements

            D. Positivist; this is an approach of valid knowledge with logical reasoning

2. A nurse researcher wants to test if their newly developed biofeedback intervention is an effective method to lower blood pressure among adult patients with stage 1 hypertension. Which method would be used to answer this question?

A. Quantitative design research

B. Quality improvement project

C. Evidence-based practice project

D. Qualitative design research

Answer is D. Qualitative Research Design shall be used to assess a biofeedback intervention as this is the right method to assess the results.

A. Quantitative Research Design deals with numbers and experimental in nature

B. Quality improvement project; in this it improves quality of over all life but the question is about research and ways to assess. Hence it would not stand

C. Evidence Based Practice Project; there is little scientific evidence for this

3. Which of these purposes of research can ONLY be explained through a quantitative design?

A. Explanation

B. Description

C. Exploration

D. Prediction and control.

Answer is D. Prediction and control are the models that aim to quantify the probabilities

A. Explanatory research is qualitative in nature but include quantitative approach also

B. Description: these are purely qualitative research studies concerned with defining characteristics of a phenomenon.

C. Exploration: Qualitative research is primarily explorative research

4. Which of these sources of evidence is the most reliable according to the hierarchy of evidence?

A. Expert opinion

B. Case report

C. Single non-randomized trial

D. Single cross-sectional study

Answer is C. Single Non Randomised Trials fall upper in Hierarchy of EBP i.e. at level II

A. Expert Opinions fall last under hierarchy i.e. Level VII

B. Case Reports fall under last but one list i.e. level VI of hierarchy.

            D. Single cross sectional studies fall at level V of hierarchy

5. Which of these is NOT routinely considered a component of evidence-based practice?

A. Empirical evidence

B. Context

C. Patient preferences

D. Tradition.

Answer is D. Traditions are not evidence-based components they are much related to qualitative studies

A, B, C are components of Evidence based practice research

6. A nurse manager wants to reduce operating costs by decreasing the amount of supplies wasted by staff. Which approach would best address this problem?

A. Quality improvement

B. Quantitative design research

C. Qualitative design research

D. Evidence-based practice.

Answer is D. Evidence Based Practice Research as the end result of such research leads to development of standard SOP’s for reducing cost at the institution

A. Quality Improvement does not fit in

B. Quantitative research design: this above research gives numerical data but evidently need to be practices and tested hence that becomes evidence based practice

            C. Qualitative research design does not fit in here

7. Which of these attributes is associated with qualitative design research?

A. Numeric data

B. Control over context

C. Results in generalizations

D. Humans as instruments Reset.

Answer is B. Control over context, the qualitative research design is the only research which includes control over context to describe, explore, explain a phenomenon

A. Numeric data is quantitative data

            C. Results in generalisation is a principal of quantitative research

            D. Humans as instruments reset: not associated with any research but quality improvement program

8. A nurse writes the following PICO(T) question: "Among hospitalized adults with stage 2 pressure injuries, does daily physical therapy compared to the standard activity protocol improve wound healing?". Which of these statements BEST describes this PICO(T) question?

A. All essential elements are present.

B. No population is identified.

C. No outcome is identified.

D. No comparison is identified.

Answer is A all essential elements are present

P – population – adults with stage 2 pressure injuries

I – intervention – daily physical therapy

C – Comparison – standard activity protocol

O – outcome – improve wound healing
(T) – Optional Time – time is optional I this study

9. A nurse writes the following PICO(T) question: "Among older adults with heart failure, do weekly RN home visits compared to no home visits improve care?" What is the problem with this PICOT question?

A. The outcome criteria is not specific

B. No population is identified.

C. A comparison is not identified.

D. There is not an intervention.

P – older adults with heart failure

I – weekly RN home visit

C – no home visits

O – improves care (specificity is not clear)

T – not given

Hence A. is the answer