Question

PLEASE provide examples for a better understand of theses:

1.) Temporal relationship

2.) Biologic plausibility

3.) Consideration of alternate explanations

4.) Cessation of Exposure

5.) Consistency with other knowledge

Answer 1

1.) Temporal relationship

Temporal relationship is the timing between a factor and an outcome which can be used to assign casuality to relationship. In the medical context, a temporal relationship between a triggering event and an illness is medically acceptable if the time frame between the event and illnes would resonbly support the conclution that the event cause the illness.

2.) Biological plausibility

Biological plausibility refers to the proposal of a casual association - a relationship between a putative cause and an outcome - that is consistent with existing biological and medical knowledge. It is one component of a methord of reasoning that a establish a cause -and - effect relationship between a biological factor and a perticular disease or adverse event. It is also an important part of the process of evaluating whether a proposed therapy (drug, vasccin, surgical procedure,etc)has a real benefit to patient. This concept has application to many contraversal public affairs debates, such as that over the cause of adverse vaccination outcome. It essential element of the intellectual background of epidemiology.

3.) Consideration of alternate explanations

An observed association interpreted in regard to wheather a relationship is causal or is the result of confounding . The extent to which invesigators have taken other possible explanations into account and the extent to which they have ruled out such explanations are important consideration.

4.) Cessation of exposure

If exposure to casual factor is removed , expect disease to decline. Example _ lobectomy in sever lung diseases.

5.) Consistency with other knowledge

Clinical reasoning and judegemt are based up on the skill and differential knowledge of the person. It provide quality health care to the patients. Good knowledge, judgement is very important.